1-O-Acetylbritannilactone (ABL) is a marker component of Inula britannica L. and is reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Although the protective effect of Inula britannica L. on animal models of liver injury has been widely reported, the effect of ABL on alcohol-induced liver damage has not been confirmed. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ABL against alcohol-induced LO2 human normal liver cell injury and to further clarify the underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that ABL at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 μM could remarkably suppress the decreased viability of LO2 cells stimulated by alcohol. In addition, ABL pretreatment improved alcohol-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the excessive consumption of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while increasing the level of catalase (CAT) in LO2 cells. Moreover, Western blotting analysis showed that ABL pretreatment activated protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, increased downstream antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the phosphorylation level of the caspase family including caspase 9 and caspase 3 proteins, thereby attenuating LO2 cell apoptosis. Importantly, we also found that ABL significantly inhibits the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-1β). In conclusion, the current research clearly suggests that the protective effect of ABL on alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity may be achieved in part through regulation of the ROS/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in LO2 cells. (The article path map has not been seen.)

1-O-Actylbritannilactone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity through Regulation of ROS/Akt/NF-κB-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation

: The extracts of Garcinia mangostana (L) pericarp contain high concentration of prenylated xanthones such as α-, β- and γ-mangostin and related molecules. These extracts possess wide range of biological properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and pro-apoptotic activities. Till date, α-, β- and γ-mangostin have been extensively studied due to its applications in nutritional supplements, herbal cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations, but only a few attempts were being made to explore the synthetic utility of these abundantly distributed xanthones. : The data were obtained from several database such as Scopus, Pubmed and Sciencefinder. : This review provides an overview of the synthesis and ethnomedicinal uses of major xanthones, including α, β, andγ-mangostin, gartanin, and tovophyllin B, isolated and identified from the pericarp of the species G. mangostana. The biological and synthetic applications of the compounds obtained after the chemical modification of core xanthone skeleton of major mangostin compounds are also presented in this review. Currently available α-mangostin containing food products, their clinical, pharmacokinetic and safety studies are described. : The main focus of the review is the use of naturally occurring α-, β- and γ-mangostin and their derivatives, as promising scaffolds for new drug discovery. 

A Review on Synthetic and Pharmacological Potential of Compounds Isolated from Garcinia mangostana Linn

An herbal formulation "Shenshuaifu Granule" alleviates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Chemical and natural toxic compounds can harm human health through a variety of mechanisms. Nowadays, herbal therapy is widely accepted as a safe method of treating toxicity. Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) is a tree in the Clusiaceae family, and isoprenylated xanthones, its main constituents, are a class of secondary metabolites having a variety of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity. In this review, the protective activities of mangosteen and its major components against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vivo and in vitro experiments were evaluated. The protective effects of mangosteen and its components are mediated primarily through oxidative stress inhibition, a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, reduction of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, reducing p65 entrance into the nucleus, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), improving histological conditions, and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase activity. 

Antidotal and protective effects of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) against natural and chemical toxicities: A review.

Chemical and natural toxic compounds can harm human health through a variety of mechanisms. Nowadays, herbal therapy is widely accepted as a safe method of treating toxicity. Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) is a tree in the Clusiaceae family, and isoprenylated xanthones, its main constituents, are a class of secondary metabolites having a variety of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity. In this review, the protective activities of mangosteen and its major components against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vivo and in vitro experiments were evaluated. The protective effects of mangosteen and its components are mediated primarily through oxidative stress inhibition, a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, reduction of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, reducing p65 entrance into the nucleus, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), improving histological conditions, and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase activity.

Antidotal and protective effects of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) against natural and chemical toxicities: A review

Previous report has confirmed the beneficial effects of α-mangostin (α-MG), a major and representative xanthone distributed in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) on the cisplatin-induced rat model. However, the molecular mechanisms related to its renoprotection have not been elucidated exhaustively. The present study investigated the protective effect of α-MG against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell model. In this study, α-MG prevented cisplatin-induced cell death, accompanied with the decreased levels of malondialdehyde and increased glutathione content. Particularly, α-MG significantly suppressed the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), restored the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and downregulated the c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways following cisplatin challenge. Subsequently, the cleavage of caspases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) implicating ROS-mediated apoptosis pathways induced by cisplatin was effectively inhibited by α-MG. In conclusion, our findings provided a rationale for the development of α-MG to attenuate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.0c01121

α-Mangostin, a Dietary Xanthone, Exerts Protective Effects on Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury via PI3K/Akt and JNK Signaling Pathways in HEK293 Cells.

The invention discloses a method for efficient preparation and separation method of compound 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (C42H72O13, hereinafter referred to as "Rg3") by direct hydrolysis, in particular relates to a one-step method for direct preparation of the high purity compound Rg3 by direct conversion of Araliaceae panax total saponins. The specifica preparation method includes: taking barium chloride (BaCl2) as the reaction catalyst, mixing an acetic acid aqueous solution with panax total saponins (like ginseng, American ginseng, panax notoginseng, etc.) in proportion, and then carrying out high temperature water bath reaction to prepare a ginsenoside Rg3 crude product; utilizing ethanol of different concentrations and different water bath temperatures for dissolution, further cooling theobtained conversion product, and conducting recrystallization with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvent process, thus obtaining high purity Rg3. The method provided by the invention is fast and efficient, can effectively save the separation and purification time of Rg3, is economical, safe, simple and practical, has high yield, can be suitable for technological production, and greatly promotes the efficient utilization of panax plant effective ingredients.

High efficiency preparation and separation method of compound 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3

The invention provides new application of the saponins from the leaves of panax quinquefolius for preparing a medicine and a health care product to delay disorder of cardiac muscle cross striations caused by a chemotherapy medicine. So the saponins from the leaves of panax quinquefolius can be prepared to a medicine to delay the disorder of the cardiac muscle cross striations caused by chemotherapy medicine cis-platinum, a medicine form can be any existing dosage form, such as a tablet, a capsule, a pill, a soft capsule, a granule and a patch.

New application of saponins from leaves of panax quinquefolius for preparing medicine and health care product to delay disorder of cardiac muscle cross striations caused by chemotherapy medicine

Wang Zi

Papers

α-Mangostin, a Dietary Xanthone, Exerts Protective Effects on Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury via PI3K/Akt and JNK Signaling Pathways in HEK293 Cells.

High efficiency preparation and separation method of compound 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3

New application of saponins from leaves of panax quinquefolius for preparing medicine and health care product to delay disorder of cardiac muscle cross striations caused by chemotherapy medicine