https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/685594/file/1130605.pdf

Review of Particle Physics

We present a candidate quantum field theory of gravity with dynamical critical exponent equal to $z=3$ in the UV. (As in condensed-matter systems, $z$ measures the degree of anisotropy between space and time.) This theory, which at short distances describes interacting nonrelativistic gravitons, is power-counting renormalizable in $3+1$ dimensions. When restricted to satisfy the condition of detailed balance, this theory is intimately related to topologically massive gravity in three dimensions, and the geometry of the Cotton tensor. At long distances, this theory flows naturally to the relativistic value $z=1$, and could therefore serve as a possible candidate for a UV completion of Einstein's general relativity or an infrared modification thereof. The effective speed of light, the Newton constant and the cosmological constant all emerge from relevant deformations of the deeply nonrelativistic $z=3$ theory at short distances.

Quantum Gravity at a Lifshitz Point

This article reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through the end of 2011. In some cases results available in the early part of 2012 are included. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, CP violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.

/pdf/averages-of-b-hadron-c-hadron-and-tau-lepton-properties-as-29qrkk2j2g.pdf

Averages of b-hadron, c-hadron, and tau-lepton properties as of early 2012

The task of quantizing general relativity raises serious questions about the meaning of the present formulation and interpretation of quantum mechanics when applied to so fundamental a structure as the space-time geometry itself. This paper seeks to clarify the foundations of quantum mechanics. It presents a reformulation of quantum theory in a form believed suitable for application to general relativity. The aim is not to deny or contradict the conventional formulation of quantum theory, which has demonstrated its usefulness in an overwhelming variety of problems, but rather to supply a new, more general and complete formulation, from which the conventional interpretation can be deduced. The relationship of this new formulation to the older formulation is therefore that of a metatheory to a theory, that is, it is an underlying theory in which the nature and consistency, as well as the realm of applicability, of the older theory can be investigated and clarified.

"relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

http://cds.cern.ch/record/326993/files/9705477.pdf

Quantum chromodynamics and other field theories on the light cone

Three dimensional Einstein gravity with negative cosmological constant ?1/?2 deformed by a gravitational Chern-Simons action with coefficient 1/? is studied in an asymptotically AdS3 spacetime. It is argued to violate unitary or positivity for generic ? due to negative-energy massive gravitons. However at the critical value ?? = 1, the massive gravitons disappear and BTZ black holes all have mass and angular momentum related by ?M = J. The corresponding chiral quantum theory of gravity is conjectured to exist and be dual to a purely right-moving boundary CFT with central charges (cL,?cR) = (0,?3?/G).

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/082/pdf

Chiral gravity in three dimensions

Three dimensional topologically massive gravity (TMG) with a negative cosmological constant ???2 and positive Newton constant G admits an AdS3 vacuum solution for any value of the graviton mass ? These are all known to be perturbatively unstable except at the recently explored chiral point ?? = 1 However we show herein that for every value of ?? ? 3 there are two other (potentially stable) vacuum solutions given by SL(2,) ? U(1)-invariant warped AdS3 geometries, with a timelike or spacelike U(1) isometry Critical behavior occurs at ?? = 3, where the warping transitions from a stretching to a squashing, and there are a pair of warped solutions with a null U(1) isometry For 3$>?? > 3, there are known warped black hole solutions which are asymptotic to warped AdS3 We show that these black holes are discrete quotients of warped AdS3 just as BTZ black holes are discrete quotients of ordinary AdS3 Moreover new solutions of this type, relevant to any theory with warped AdS3 solutions, are exhibited Finally we note that the black hole thermodynamics is consistent with the hypothesis that, for 3$>?? > 3, the warped AdS3 ground state of TMG is holographically dual to a 2D boundary CFT with central charges and 

/pdf/warped-ads-3-black-holes-2i3qvhrs8y.pdf

Warped $AdS_3$ Black Holes

We present type IIB supergravity solutions which are expected to be dual to certain Lifshitz-like fixed points with anisotropic scale invariance. They are expected to describe a class of D3-D7 systems and their finite temperature generalizations are straightforward. We show that there exist solutions that interpolate between these anisotropic solutions in the IR and the standard AdS5 solutions in the UV. This predicts anisotropic RG flows from familiar isotropic fixed points to anisotropic ones. In our case, these RG flows are triggered by a non-zero theta-angle in Yang-Mills theories that linearly depends on one of the spatial coordinates. We study the perturbations around these backgrounds and discuss the possibility of instability. We also holographically compute their thermal entropies, viscosities, and entanglement entropies.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/06/084/pdf

On string theory duals of Lifshitz-like fixed points

We present three holographic constructions of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) via string theory. The first model studies edge states in FQHE using supersymmetric domain walls in = 6 Chern-Simons theory. We show that D4-branes wrapped on 1 or D8-branes wrapped on 3 create edge states that shift the rank or the level of the gauge group, respectively. These holographic edge states correctly reproduce the Hall conductivity. The second model presents a holographic dual to the pure U(N)k (Yang-Mills-)Chern-Simons theory based on a D3-D7 system. Its holography is equivalent to the level-rank duality, which enables us to compute the Hall conductivity and the topological entanglement entropy. The third model introduces the first string theory embedding of hierarchical FQHEs, using IIA string on 2/Zn.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/06/066/pdf

Fractional quantum Hall effect via holography: Chern-Simons, edge states and hierarchy

We add fundamental matters to the = 6 Chern-Simons theory (ABJM theory), and show that D6-branes wrapped over AdS4 × S3/2 in type IIA superstring theory on AdS4 × 3 give its dual description with = 3 supersymmetry. We confirm this by the arguments based on R-symmetry, supersymmetry, and brane configuration of ABJM theory. We also analyze the fluctuations of the D6-brane and compute the conformal dimensions of dual operators. In the presence of fractional branes, the ABJM theory can model the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE), with RR-fields regarded as the external electric-magnetic field. We show that an addition of the flavor D6-brane describes a class of fractional quantum Hall plateau transitions.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/07/065/pdf

Wei Li

Papers

Chiral gravity in three dimensions

Warped \(AdS_3\) Black Holes

On string theory duals of Lifshitz-like fixed points

Fractional quantum Hall effect via holography: Chern-Simons, edge states and hierarchy

ABJM with Flavors and FQHE