The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

Review: Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods

Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting

In this letter, we present a reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram modification. We exploit a binary tree structure to solve the problem of communicating pairs of peak points. Distribution of pixel differences is used to achieve large hiding capacity while keeping the distortion low. We also adopt a histogram shifting technique to prevent overflow and underflow. Performance comparisons with other existing schemes are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.

Reversible Data Hiding Based on Histogram Modification of Pixel Differences

Prediction-error expansion (PEE) is an important technique of reversible watermarking which can embed large payloads into digital images with low distortion. In this paper, the PEE technique is further investigated and an efficient reversible watermarking scheme is proposed, by incorporating in PEE two new strategies, namely, adaptive embedding and pixel selection. Unlike conventional PEE which embeds data uniformly, we propose to adaptively embed 1 or 2 bits into expandable pixel according to the local complexity. This avoids expanding pixels with large prediction-errors, and thus, it reduces embedding impact by decreasing the maximum modification to pixel values. Meanwhile, adaptive PEE allows very large payload in a single embedding pass, and it improves the capacity limit of conventional PEE. We also propose to select pixels of smooth area for data embedding and leave rough pixels unchanged. In this way, compared with conventional PEE, a more sharply distributed prediction-error histogram is obtained and a better visual quality of watermarked image is observed. With these improvements, our method outperforms conventional PEE. Its superiority over other state-of-the-art methods is also demonstrated experimentally.

Efficient Reversible Watermarking Based on Adaptive Prediction-Error Expansion and Pixel Selection

Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images

Reversible hiding in DCT-based compressed images

Many researchers have studied reversible data hiding techniques in recent years and most have proposed reversible data hiding schemes that guarantee only that the original cover image can be reconstructed completely. Once the secret data are embedded in the compression domain and the receiver wants to store the cover image in a compression mode to save storage space, the receiver must extract the secret data, reconstruct the cover image, and compress the cover image again to generate compression codes. In this paper, we present a reversible data hiding scheme based on side match vector quantization (SMVQ) for digitally compressed images. With this scheme, the receiver only performs two steps to achieve the same goal: extract the secret data and reconstruct the original SMVQ compression codes. In terms of the size of the secret data, the visual quality, and the compression rate, experimental results show that the performance of our proposed scheme is better than those of other information hiding schemes for VQ-based and SMVQ-based compressed images. The experimental results further confirm the effectiveness and reversibility of the proposed scheme

/pdf/a-reversible-data-hiding-scheme-based-on-side-match-vector-2grvhtcunz.pdf

Wei-Liang Tai

Papers

Reversible Data Hiding Based on Histogram Modification of Pixel Differences

Multilevel reversible data hiding based on histogram modification of difference images

Reversible hiding in DCT-based compressed images

A Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Side Match Vector Quantization

Four-scanning attack on hierarchical digital watermarking method for image tamper detection and recovery