Color Control in π-Conjugated Organic Polymers for Use in Electrochromic Devices

Electrochemical energy storage systems (batteries) have a tremendous role in technical applications In this review the authors examine the prospects of electroactive polymers in view of the properties required for such batteries Conducting organic polymers are considered here in the light of their rugged chemical environment: organic solvents, acids, and alkalis The goal of the present article is to provide, first of all in tabular form, a survey of electroactive polymers in view of potential applications in rechargeable batteries It reviews the preparative methods and the electrochemical performance of polymers as rechargeable battery electrodes The theoretical values of specific charge of the polymers are comparable to those of metal oxide electrodes, but are not as high as those of most of the metal electrodes normally used in batteries Therefore, it is an advantage in conventional battery designs to use the conducting polymer as a positive electrode material in combination with a negative electrode such as Li, Na, Mg, Zn, MeH{sub x}, etc 504 refs

Electrochemically Active Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries.

Damage to peripheral nerves often cannot be repaired by the juxtaposition of the severed nerve ends. Surgeons have typically used autologous nerve grafts, which have several drawbacks including the need for multiple surgical procedures and loss of function at the donor site. As an alternative, the use of nerve guidance channels to bridge the gap between severed nerve ends is being explored. In this paper, the electrically conductive polymer—oxidized polypyrrole (PP)—has been evaluated for use as a substrate to enhance nerve cell interactions in culture as a first step toward potentially using such polymers to stimulate in vivo nerve regeneration. Image analysis demonstrates that PC-12 cells and primary chicken sciatic nerve explants attached and extended neurites equally well on both PP films and tissue culture polystyrene in the absence of electrical stimulation. In contrast, PC-12 cells interacted poorly with indium tin oxide (ITO), poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) surfaces. However, PC-12 cells cultured on PP films and subjected to an electrical stimulus through the film showed a significant increase in neurite lengths compared with ones that were not subjected to electrical stimulation through the film and tissue culture polystyrene controls. The median neurite length for PC-12 cells grown on PP and subjected to an electrical stimulus was 18.14 μm (n = 5643) compared with 9.5 μm (n = 4440) for controls. Furthermore, animal implantation studies reveal that PP invokes little adverse tissue response compared with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid).

https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/94/17/8948.full.pdf

Stimulation of neurite outgrowth using an electrically conducting polymer

2.2. Cathodic Electropolymerization 4732 2.2.1. Electropolymerization of PPXs and PPVs 4732 3. Charging-Discharging of Conducting Polymers 4733 3.1. Redox Properties of Oligomers and Polymers 4733 3.2. Specific Phenomena of n-Doping 4739 3.3. Conductivity in Charged Systems 4740 4. Controlling the Electropolymerization Process 4742 4.1. Influence of the Polymerization Technique 4742 4.2. Influence of Experimental Conditions 4743 4.3. Electropolymerization in Novel Electrolytic Media 4745

Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers—Persistent Models and New Concepts†

http://nathan.instras.com/MyDocsDB/doc-617.pdf

Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications

Electrochemistry of conducting polypyrrole films

Vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) has been employed for the preparation of polyamic acid/imide films using a conventional thin film evaporator with a novel source design. The process utilizes the coevaporation of the dianhydride and diamine precursors. Control of source effusion rates permit film stoichiometry to be held to better than 1 mol %. Infrared, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results are consistent with the interpretation that the VDP films produced are polyamic acid curable to polyimide. The weight average molecular weight of the polyimide as determined by low angle light scattering (LALS) technique is 13 000, in agreement with the value estimated from the measured percent elongation at break point. Lift‐off tests showed that vapor deposited polyimide is more resistant to hydrolitic attack at the silicon interface than spin coated Dupont RC5878. Dielectric constant (e=2.91) and dissipation factor (tan δ=0.008) are lower than those rep...

Solventless polyimide films by vapor deposition

Chemical modification of a polypyrrole electrode surface

Oxidation Studies of Permalloy Films by Quartz Crystal Microbalance, AES, and XPS

The most important requirements of thin film media for optical data storage applications as well as the most commonly studied write‐once and erasable optical recording media were reviewed. Detailed optical properties and degradation characteristics of thin Te films were presented to illustrate some of these requirements. Both of these two material properties were shown to be strongly influenced by the film thickness, film deposition rate, and substrate due to their influence on the microstructure of the film. The degradation mechanism and the effects of humidity and temperature on the degradation rate of thin Te films were also reported and discussed.

Wen-Yaung Lee

Papers

Electrochemistry of conducting polypyrrole films

Solventless polyimide films by vapor deposition

Chemical modification of a polypyrrole electrode surface

Oxidation Studies of Permalloy Films by Quartz Crystal Microbalance, AES, and XPS

Thin films for optical data storage