자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

The Visual Display of Quantitative Information

This paper provides a framework for developing sampling designs in mixed methods research. First, we present sampling schemes that have been associated with quantitative and qualitative research. Second, we discuss sample size considerations and provide sample size recommendations for each of the major research designs for quantitative and qualitative approaches. Third, we provide a sampling design typology and we demonstrate how sampling designs can be classified according to time orientation of the components and relationship of the qualitative and quantitative sample. Fourth, we present four major crises to mixed methods research and indicate how each crisis may be used to guide sampling design considerations. Finally, we emphasize how sampling design impacts the extent to which researchers can generalize their findings. Key Words: Sampling Schemes, Qualitative Research, Generalization, Parallel Sampling Designs, Pairwise Sampling Designs, Subgroup Sampling Designs, Nested Sampling Designs, and Multilevel Sampling Designs

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A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research

PURPOSE Mixed methods research is becoming an important methodology to investigate complex health-related topics, yet the meaningful integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains elusive and needs further development. A promising innovation to facilitate integration is the use of visual joint displays that bring data together visually to draw out new insights. The purpose of this study was to identify exemplar joint displays by analyzing the various types of joint displays being used in published articles. METHODS We searched for empirical articles that included joint displays in 3 journals that publish state-of-the-art mixed methods research. We analyzed each of 19 identified joint displays to extract the type of display, mixed methods design, purpose, rationale, qualitative and quantitative data sources, integration approaches, and analytic strategies. Our analysis focused on what each display communicated and its representation of mixed methods analysis. RESULTS The most prevalent types of joint displays were statistics-by-themes and side-by-side comparisons. Innovative joint displays connected findings to theoretical frameworks or recommendations. Researchers used joint displays for convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and intervention designs. We identified exemplars for each of these designs by analyzing the inferences gained through using the joint display. Exemplars represented mixed methods integration, presented integrated results, and yielded new insights. CONCLUSIONS Joint displays appear to provide a structure to discuss the integrated analysis and assist both researchers and readers in understanding how mixed methods provides new insights. We encourage researchers to use joint displays to integrate and represent mixed methods analysis and discuss their value.

https://www.annfammed.org/content/annalsfm/13/6/554.full.pdf

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays.

Despite the abundance of published material on conducting focus groups, scant specific information exists on how to analyze focus group data in social science research. Thus, the authors provide a ...

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A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research

Despite the abundance of published material on conducting focus groups, scant specific information exists on how to analyze focus group data in social science research. Thus, the authors provide a new qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing focus group data. First, they identify types of data that can be collected during focus groups. Second, they identify the qualitative data analysis techniques best suited for analyzing these data. Third, they introduce what they term as a micro-interlocutor analysis, wherein meticulous information about which participant responds to each question, the order in which each participant responds, response characteristics, the nonverbal communication used, and the like is collected, analyzed, and interpreted. They conceptualize how conversation analysis offers great potential for analyzing focus group data. They believe that their framework goes far beyond analyzing only the verbal communication of focus group participants, thereby increasing the rigor of focus group analyses in social science research.

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Toward More Rigor in Focus Group Research: A New Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Focus Group Data

In this paper, we introduce various graphical methods that can be used to represent data in mixed research. First, we present a broad taxonomy of visual representation. Next, we use this taxonomy to provide an overview of visual techniques for quantitative data display and qualitative data display. Then, we propose what we call “crossover” visual extensions to summarize and integrate both qualitative and quantitative results within the same framework. We provide several examples of crossover (mixed research) graphical displays that illustrate this natural extension. In so doing, we contend that the use of crossover (mixed research) graphical displays enhances researchers’ understanding (i.e., increased Verstehen) of social and behavioral phenomena in general and the meaning that underlies these phenomena in particular. Key Words: Graphic Methods, Visual Techniques, Graphical Displays, Crossover Graphical Displays, and Mixed Research

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Mixed Methods Analysis and Information Visualization: Graphical Display for Effective Communication of Research Results

A pesar de la gran cantidad de material publicado sobre la realizacion de grupos focales, existe poca informacion en la investigacion de las ciencias sociales sobre como analizar los datos que estos generan. Por lo tanto, los autores ofrecen un nuevo marco cualitativo para la recoleccion y analisis de los datos obtenidos de los grupos focales. Primero, identifican los tipos de datos que pueden ser recolectados durante un grupo focal. Segundo, identifican las tecnicas de analisis de datos cualitativos que mas se ajustan al analisis de este tipo especifico de datos. Tercero, introducen lo que llaman microanalisis del interlocutor, en donde se recolecta, analiza e interpreta informacion meticulosa sobre cuestiones tales como: cual participante responde a cada pregunta, el orden en que responde cada uno de ellos, las caracteristicas de las respuestas, el tipo de comunicacion no verbal que utilizan y otras cosas similares. Por otra parte, los autores conceptualizan acerca del analisis de la conversacion, el cual tiene un gran potencial para el analisis de los datos en grupos focales. Para ellos, su marco va mucho mas alla del mero analisis de la comunicacion verbal de los integrantes del grupo, aumentando de esa manera el rigor de los analisis de los grupos focales en la investigacion de las ciencias sociales. Nota: Originalmente publicado en International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8 (3), (2009), 1-21. © 2009 Onwuegbuzie. Traducido al espanol por Carolina Carter para Paradigmas con permiso de los titulares de los derechos de autor. Toda reproduccion adicional esta prohibida.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3798215.pdf

Wendy B. Dickinson

Papers

A Qualitative Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Data in Focus Group Research

Toward More Rigor in Focus Group Research: A New Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Focus Group Data

Mixed Methods Analysis and Information Visualization: Graphical Display for Effective Communication of Research Results

Un marco cualitativo para la recolección y análisis de datos en la investigación basada en grupos focales

Visual Displays for Mixed Methods Findings