A review was presented to demonstrate a historical description of the synthesis of light-emitting conjugated polymers for applications in electroluminescent devices. Electroluminescence (EL) was first reported in poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) in 1990 and researchers continued to make significant efforts to develop conjugated materials as the active units in light-emitting devices (LED) to be used in display applications. Conjugated oligomers were used as luminescent materials and as models for conjugated polymers in the review. Oligomers were used to demonstrate a structure and property relationship to determine a key polymer property or to demonstrate a technique that was to be applied to polymers. The review focused on demonstrating the way polymer structures were made and the way their properties were controlled by intelligent and rational and synthetic design.

Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices

This article provides a review about electroluminescence from organic materials and deals in detail with organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), light-emitting electro-chemical cells (LECs) and electrogenerated chemilumi-nescence (ECL) reflecting different electrooptical appli-cations of conjugated materials. It is written from an organic chemist's point of view and pays particular attention to the development of organic materials involved in corresponding devices. In recent years a substantial amount of both academic and industrial research has been directed to organic electroluminescence in an effort to improve the processability and tunability of organic materials and the longevity of OLEDs and LECs. On the eve of the commercialization of organic electrolumi-nescence this review provides an overview of lifetimes and efficiencies attained and reflects materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. In this context electrogenerated chemiluminescence is discussed with respect to its importance as a versatile tool to simulate the fundamental electrochemical processes in OLEDs.

The electroluminescence of organic materials

Dingcai Wu,*,† Fei Xu,† Bin Sun,† Ruowen Fu,† Hongkun He,‡ and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*,‡ †Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China ‡Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States

Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers

The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications

Catalysis by Supported Gold Nanoparticles: Beyond Aerobic Oxidative Processes

Highly cross-linked narrow or monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) microspheres were prepared by distillation−precipitation polymerization as a novel polymerization technique in acetonitrile with 2,2‘-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as initiator. The polymeric microspheres were formed simultaneously through a precipitation polymerization manner during the distillation of acetonitrile off the reaction system. Narrow or monodisperse particles with spherical shape and smooth surface were prepared with diameters between 1.10 and 3.41 μm without any stabilizers. The particle size and size distribution depended on the reaction conditions. The maximum particle size of 2.14 μm with size distribution index of 1.058 was attained at cross-linking degree of 64%, and the size distribution became narrower with increasing cross-linking degree. The particle sizes increased with increasing monomer and initiator concentration. A series of polymer particles with diameter between 1.99 and 3.41 μm were obtained by mu...

Synthesis of Narrow or Monodisperse Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres by Distillation−Precipitation Polymerization

Monodisperse hydrophilic polymer microspheres having carboxylic acid groups prepared by distillation precipitation polymerization

Polymer-microsphere-stabilized gold metallic colloids have been prepared by a novel strategy of simple and convenient reduction of the metallic salt through the stabilization of the active carboxylic acid group on the gel and surface layer of the microsphere. The nature of the interaction between the carboxylic acid and Au nanoparticles was studied in detail by XPS. Preliminary results indicate that polymer-microsphere-stabilized gold colloids are active catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with sodium borohydride as reductant. The catalytic properties of the stabilized catalyst for recycling were also investigated.

Catalytic properties of carboxylic acid functionalized-polymer microsphere-stabilized gold metallic colloids.

Synthesis of monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid) microspheres by distillation–precipitation polymerization

Poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(EGDMA-co-AA)) small microspheres were effectively self-assembled on poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine) (poly(EGDMA-co-VPy)) surfaces to form a core-corona structure with a raspberry-like polymer composite by a hydrogen interaction mechanism through an affinity complex between the carboxylic acid group and pyridine group. The control of coverage of the poly(EGDMA-co-AA) corona on the surface of poly(EGDMA-co-VPy) was studied in detail via adjustment of the nature of the mass ratio between the core and corona. The effects of the pH and solvent used on the morphology of the self-assembled core-corona polymer composites were investigated. The nature of the interaction between the core and corona polymer particles was identified as hydrogen bonding with FT-IR spectroscopy.

Wenqiang Huang

Papers

Synthesis of Narrow or Monodisperse Poly(divinylbenzene) Microspheres by Distillation−Precipitation Polymerization

Monodisperse hydrophilic polymer microspheres having carboxylic acid groups prepared by distillation precipitation polymerization

Catalytic properties of carboxylic acid functionalized-polymer microsphere-stabilized gold metallic colloids.

Synthesis of monodisperse poly(methacrylic acid) microspheres by distillation–precipitation polymerization

Core-corona polymer composite particles by self-assembled heterocoagulation based on a hydrogen-bonding interaction.