The Internet has led to the creation of a digital society, where (almost) everything is connected and is accessible from anywhere. However, despite their widespread adoption, traditional IP networks are complex and very hard to manage. It is both difficult to configure the network according to predefined policies, and to reconfigure it to respond to faults, load, and changes. To make matters even more difficult, current networks are also vertically integrated: the control and data planes are bundled together. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that promises to change this state of affairs, by breaking vertical integration, separating the network's control logic from the underlying routers and switches, promoting (logical) centralization of network control, and introducing the ability to program the network. The separation of concerns, introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic, is key to the desired flexibility: by breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, SDN makes it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on SDN. We start by introducing the motivation for SDN, explain its main concepts and how it differs from traditional networking, its roots, and the standardization activities regarding this novel paradigm. Next, we present the key building blocks of an SDN infrastructure using a bottom-up, layered approach. We provide an in-depth analysis of the hardware infrastructure, southbound and northbound application programming interfaces (APIs), network virtualization layers, network operating systems (SDN controllers), network programming languages, and network applications. We also look at cross-layer problems such as debugging and troubleshooting. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, we discuss the main ongoing research efforts and challenges of SDN. In particular, we address the design of switches and control platforms—with a focus on aspects such as resiliency, scalability, performance, security, and dependability—as well as new opportunities for carrier transport networks and cloud providers. Last but not least, we analyze the position of SDN as a key enabler of a software-defined environment.

https://publications.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/20596/1/survey_on_SDN.pdf

Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that promises to change this state of affairs, by breaking vertical integration, separating the network's control logic from the underlying routers and switches, promoting (logical) centralization of network control, and introducing the ability to program the network. The separation of concerns introduced between the definition of network policies, their implementation in switching hardware, and the forwarding of traffic, is key to the desired flexibility: by breaking the network control problem into tractable pieces, SDN makes it easier to create and introduce new abstractions in networking, simplifying network management and facilitating network evolution. In this paper we present a comprehensive survey on SDN. We start by introducing the motivation for SDN, explain its main concepts and how it differs from traditional networking, its roots, and the standardization activities regarding this novel paradigm. Next, we present the key building blocks of an SDN infrastructure using a bottom-up, layered approach. We provide an in-depth analysis of the hardware infrastructure, southbound and northbound APIs, network virtualization layers, network operating systems (SDN controllers), network programming languages, and network applications. We also look at cross-layer problems such as debugging and troubleshooting. In an effort to anticipate the future evolution of this new paradigm, we discuss the main ongoing research efforts and challenges of SDN. In particular, we address the design of switches and control platforms -- with a focus on aspects such as resiliency, scalability, performance, security and dependability -- as well as new opportunities for carrier transport networks and cloud providers. Last but not least, we analyze the position of SDN as a key enabler of a software-defined environment.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an exciting technology that enables innovation in how we design and manage networks. Although this technology seems to have appeared suddenly, SDN is part of a long history of efforts to make computer networks more programmable. In this paper, we trace the intellectual history of programmable networks, including active networks, early efforts to separate the control and data plane, and more recent work on OpenFlow and network operating systems. We highlight key concepts, as well as the technology pushes and application pulls that spurred each innovation. Along the way, we debunk common myths and misconceptions about the technologies and clarify the relationship between SDN and related technologies such as network virtualization.

The road to SDN: an intellectual history of programmable networks

Limiting the overhead of frequent events on the control plane is essential for realizing a scalable Software-Defined Network. One way of limiting this overhead is to process frequent events in the data plane. This requires modifying switches and comes at the cost of visibility in the control plane. Taking an alternative route, we propose Kandoo, a framework for preserving scalability without changing switches. Kandoo has two layers of controllers: (i) the bottom layer is a group of controllers with no interconnection, and no knowledge of the network-wide state, and (ii) the top layer is a logically centralized controller that maintains the network-wide state. Controllers at the bottom layer run only local control applications (i.e., applications that can function using the state of a single switch) near datapaths. These controllers handle most of the frequent events and effectively shield the top layer. Kandoo's design enables network operators to replicate local controllers on demand and relieve the load on the top layer, which is the only potential bottleneck in terms of scalability. Our evaluations show that a network controlled by Kandoo has an order of magnitude lower control channel consumption compared to normal OpenFlow networks.

/pdf/kandoo-a-framework-for-efficient-and-scalable-offloading-of-2ebg6asygw.pdf

Kandoo: a framework for efficient and scalable offloading of control applications

INTRODUCTION Opportunities and Challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks, M. Haenggi, Next Generation Technologies to Enable Sensor Networks, J. I. Goodman, A. I. Reuther, and D. R. Martinez Sensor Networks Management, L. B. Ruiz, J. M. Nogueira, and A. A. F. Loureiro Models for Programmability in Sensor Networks, A. Boulis Miniaturizing Sensor Networks with MEMS, Brett Warneke A Taxonomy of Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks, J. N. Al-Karaki and A. E. Kamal Artificial Perceptual Systems, A. Loutfi, M. Lindquist, and P. Wide APPLICATIONS Sensor Network Architecture and Applications, C. Shen, C. Jaikaeo, and C. Srisathapornphat, A Practical Perspective on Wireless Sensor Networks, Q. Wang, H. Hassanein, and K. Xu, Introduction to Industrial Sensor Networking, M. Sveda, P. Benes, R. Vrba, and F. Zezulka, A Sensor Networks for Biological Data Acquisition, T. Small, Z. J. Haas, A. Purgue, and K. Fristrup ARCHITECTURE Sensor Network Architecture, J. Feng, F. Koushanfar, and M. Potkonjak Tiered Architectures in Sensor Networks, M. Yarvis and W. Ye Energy Efficient Topologies for Wireless Sensor Networks, A. Salheih and L. Schwiebert, Architecture and Modeling of Dynamic Sensor Networks, S. Papavassiliou, and J. Zhu PROTOCOLS Overview of Communication Protocols for Sensor Networks, W. Su, E. Cayirci, and O. B. Akan A Communication Architecture and Programming Abstraction for Real - Time Embedded Sensor Networks, T. Abdelzaher, J. Stankovic, S. Son, B. Blum, T. He, A. Wood, and C. Lu, A Comparative Study of Energy Efficient (E2) Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, Q. Wang, and H. Hassanein TRACKING TECHNIQUES Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks, M. Cardei, and J. Wu Location Management in Wireless Sensor Networks, J. Beutel, Positioning and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks, Y. C. Tseng, C. F. Huang, and S. P. Kuo Tracking Techniques in Air Vehicle Based Decentralized Sensor Networks, M. Ridley, L. L. Ong, E. Nettleton, and S. Sukkarieh, A DATA GATHERING AND PROCESSING Fundamental Protocols to Gather Information on Wireless Sensor Networks, J. Bordim, and K. Nakano Comparison of Data Processing Techniques in Sensor Networks, V. Gonzalez, and E. Sanchis On Computational and Networking Problems in Distributed Sensor Networks, Q. Wu, N. S. V. Rao, R. R. Brooks, S. S. Iyengar, and M. Zhu Cooperative Computing in Sensor Networks, L. Iftode, C. Borcea, and P. Kang ENERGY MANAGEMENT Dynamic Power Management in Sensor Networks, A. Sinha and A. Chandrakasan Design Challenges in Energy Efficient Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks, D. Dewasurendra, A. Mishra Techniques to Reduce Computation and Communication Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks, V. Swaminathan, Y. Zou, and K. Chakrabarty Energy Aware Routing and Data Funneling in Sensor Networks, R. C. Shah, D. Petrovic, and Jan M. Rabaey SECURITY, RELIABILITY AND FAULT-TOLERANCE Security and privacy Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks, S. Slijepcevic, J. L. Wong, and M. Potkonjak A Taxonomy for Denial-of-Service Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks, A. D. Wood, and J. A. Stankovic Reliability Support in Sensor Networks, A. Lim Reliable Energy-Constrained Routing in Sensor Networks, R. Kannan, L. Ray, and S. S. Iyenger Fault-Tolerant Interval Estimation in Sensor Networks, Y. Zhu, B. Li, and Z. You Fault-Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkanjak, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN ASPECTS Low Power Design for Smart Dust Networks, Z. Karakehayou Energy Efficient Design for Distributed Sensor Networks, L. Yuan and G. Qu Wireless Sensor Networks and Computational Geometry, X. Y. Li, and Y. Wang Localized Algorithms for Sensor Networks, J. Feng, F. Koushanfar, and M. Potkonjak

Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless and Wired Sensing Systems

Smart Packets is a DARPA-funded Active Networks project focusing on applying active networks technology to network management and monitoring without placing undue burden on the nodes in the network. Messages in active networks are programs that are executed at nodes on the path to one or more target hosts. Smart Packets programs are written in a tightly-encoded, safe language specifically designed to support network management and avoid dangerous constructs and accesses. Smart Packets improves the management of large complex networks by (1) moving management decision points closer to the node being managed, (2) targeting specific aspects of the node for information rather than exhaustive collection via polling, and (3) abstracting the management concepts to language constructs, allowing nimble network control. This paper introduces Smart Packets and describes the Smart Packet architecture, the packet formats, the language and its design goals, and security considerations.

Smart Packets for active networks

This article introduces Smart Packets and describes the smart Packets architecture, the packet formats, the language and its design goals, and security considerations. Smart Packets is an Active Networks project focusing on applying active networks technology to network management and monitoring. Messages in active networks are programs that are executed at nodes on the path to one or more target hosts. Smart Packets programs are written in a tightly encoded, safe language specifically designed to support network management and avoid dangerous constructs and accesses. Smart Packets improves the management of large complex networks by (1) moving management decision points closer to the node being managed, (2) targeting specific aspects of the node for information rather than exhaustive collection via polling, and (3) abstracting the management concepts to language constructs, allowing nimble network control.

Wenyi Zhou

Papers

Smart Packets for active networks

Smart packets: applying active networks to network management

Characterizing the removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from an acidic smelting wastewater using electrocatalytic internal Fe0/C micro-electrolysis

Simultaneous removal of multiple heavy metals using single chamber microbial electrolysis cells with biocathode in the micro-aerobic environment.