计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

The Rise of the Creative Class

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Understanding the small business sector

Historically, management theory has ignored the constraints imposed by the biophysical (natural) environment. Building upon resource-based theory, this article attempts to fill this void by proposing a natural-resource-based view of the firm—a theory of competitive advantage based upon the firm's relationship to the natural environment. It is composed of three interconnected strategies: pollution prevention, product stewardship, and sustainable development. Propositions are advanced for each of these strategies regarding key resource requirements and their contributions to sustained competitive advantage.

A natural resource-based view of the firm

Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/40871.pdf

Religion, social class, and entrepreneurial choice

Financial signaling by innovative nascent ventures: The relevance of patents and prototypes

Based on a sample of German inno innovating vating firms that contains information on formal and informal innovation cooperation between customers and suppliers, we state that firms perceive informal cooperation as being more important than formal cooperation modes. We then investigate the determinants of firms' decisions to engage into the respective espective cooperation modes. In line with previous empirical work, we do not find much empirical evidence for the relevance of incoming spillovers. In addition, our results suggest that this finding holds as well for informal cooperations. A firm's ability to protect its proprietary innovations, however, seems to be a key determinant of formal as well as informal cooperations. Furthermore absorptive capacity and the organizational structur of in-house R&D play an important role. Another relevant driver of vertical cooperations are the innovation dynamics at the industry level. Firms who operate an R&D department and firms who are involved in costly R&D projects tend to cooperate formally rather than informally.

/pdf/concubinage-or-marriage-informal-and-formal-cooperations-for-c2uc8xrzab.pdf

Concubinage or Marriage? Informal and Formal Cooperations for Innovation

This study highlights the relevance of gender differences in competitiveness for the gender gap in latent and nascent entrepreneurship. Using data obtained from a recent large-scale survey conducted in 36 countries, we find that individuals who like situations in which they compete with others are more likely to have a preference for being self-employed (latent entrepreneurs) and are also more likely to take steps to start new businesses (nascent entrepreneurs). Moreover, our results suggest that women are less competitively inclined than men in almost all countries in our sample and are also less willing to take risks. The results of a decomposition analysis suggest that gender differences in competitiveness and risk taking contribute significantly to the gender gap in latent and nascent entrepreneurship. Gender differences in competitiveness seem to be relevant, especially for the gender gap in nascent entrepreneurship.

Werner Bönte

Papers

Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance

Religion, social class, and entrepreneurial choice

Financial signaling by innovative nascent ventures: The relevance of patents and prototypes

Concubinage or Marriage? Informal and Formal Cooperations for Innovation

Gender gap in latent and nascent entrepreneurship: driven by competitiveness