Ethnic diversity is increasing in most advanced countries, driven mostly by sharp increases in immigration. In the long run immigration and diversity are likely to have important cultural, economic, fiscal, and developmental benefits. In the short run, however, immigration and ethnic diversity tend to reduce social solidarity and social capital. New evidence from the US suggests that in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods residents of all races tend to ‘hunker down’. Trust (even of one's own race) is lower, altruism and community cooperation rarer, friends fewer. In the long run, however, successful immigrant societies have overcome such fragmentation by creating new, cross-cutting forms of social solidarity and more encompassing identities. Illustrations of becoming comfortable with diversity are drawn from the US military, religious institutions, and earlier waves of American immigration.

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E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty‐first Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture

Introduction Part One: Cultures (Cultures of Our Past Culture of Our Future RO, Extended RW, Revived Cultures Compared) Part Two: Economies (Two Economies: Commercial and Sharing Hybrid Economies Economy Lessons) Part Three: Enabling the Future (Reforming Law Reforming Us Conclusion)

Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy

In 2003, a new law required that 40 percent of Norwegian firms’ directors be women – at the time only nine percent of directors were women. We use the pre-quota cross-sectional variation in female board representation to instrument for exogenous changes to corporate boards following the quota. We find that the constraint imposed by the quota caused a significant drop in the stock price at the announcement of the law and a large decline in Tobin’s Q over the following years, consistent with the idea that firms choose boards to maximize value. The quota led to younger and less experienced boards, increases in leverage and acquisitions, and deterioration in operating performance, consistent with less capable boards.

The Changing of the Boards: The Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation

Начала политической экономии и податного обложения = The principles of political economy and taxation

Scholarly research on the topic of leadership has witnessed a dramatic increase over the last decade, resulting in the development of diverse leadership theories. To take stock of established and developing theories since the beginning of the new millennium, we conducted an extensive qualitative review of leadership theory across 10 top-tier academic publishing outlets that included The Leadership Quarterly, Administrative Science Quarterly, American Psychologist, Journal of Management, Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Journal of Applied Psychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Organizational Science, and Personnel Psychology. We then combined two existing frameworks (Gardner, Lowe, Moss, Mahoney, & Cogliser, 2010; Lord & Dinh, 2012) to provide a process-oriented framework that emphasizes both forms of emergence and levels of analysis as a means to integrate diverse leadership theories. We then describe the implications of the findings for future leadership research and theory.

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Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives

The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies

This article explores determinants of elderly migration in the United States by extending the more formal model developed by Conway and Houtenville (1998) instead of the more traditional “investment” model. The approach is twofold. In the authors' model, they clarify the publicly provided goods that generate utility for the elderly while recognizing that the tax burden of the elderly is for all publicly provided goods supplied by each state. They also include the effects of growth rates in economic and policy variables during the migration period, which allows them to measure the endogeneity of elderly net in-migration and state expenditure policy. This approach generates intriguing results. In addition to the significance of standard amenity variables, the authors find that state per capita income and the real growth rate of state per capita income have a significant and positive effect on elderly net in-migration. They also find significant effects of overall tax burden variables. Surprisingly, when sta...

Elderly Internal Migration in the United States Revisited

Religion and economic welfare: An empirical analysis of state per capita income☆

Utilizing an established economic framework grounded in Becker's (1981) path-breaking analysis of altruism and envy within the family, this paper explores the determinants of hate crimes, also known as bias-motivated crimes. Making use of a unique data set on hate crimes compiled by the FBI, we estimate the determinants of hate crimes across states using both random- and fixed-effects approaches. While there are limitations in the use of bias-motivation crime data in empirical analysis, we find statistical significance between the incidence of hate crime and several economic and socioeconomic variables. Most notably, among non-South states, a higher hate crime rate is associated with higher abuse rates, higher unemployment rates, and greater parity of black and white incomes.

An Economic Analysis of Hate Crime

Les AA. montrent que la relation entre niveau de revenu et affiliation religieuse est capitale. Les donnees qu'ils ont utilisees concernent les annees 1952, 1971 et 1980. Quatre groupes entrent dans la statistique: protestants fondamentalistes, protestants non fondamentalistes, catholiques et juifs. Les resultats montrent qu'il faut associer populations juives et hauts niveaux de revenu et protestants fondamentalistes avec des niveaux de revenu plus faibles. Le revenu est une variable determinante dans la composition des groupes protestants: plus les revenus sont importants, plus l'affiliation religieuse est faible

Will Carrington Heath

Papers

The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies

Elderly Internal Migration in the United States Revisited

Religion and economic welfare: An empirical analysis of state per capita income☆

An Economic Analysis of Hate Crime

A positive model of the determination of religious affiliation