Review of Charged Particle Dynamics. Beam Optics and Focusing Systems Without Space Charge. Linear Beam Optics with Space Charge. Self-Consistent Theory of Beams. Emittance Variation. Beam Physics Research from 1993 to 2007. Appendices. List of Frequently Used Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

Theory and Design of Charged Particle Beams

Recent advances in table-top, ultrahigh intensity lasers have led to significant renewed interest in the classic problem of Thomson scattering. An important current application of these scattering processes is the generation of ultrashort-pulse-duration x rays. In this tutorial, the classical theory of nonlinear Thomson scattering of an electron in an intense laser field is presented. It is found that the orbit, and therefore its nonlinear scattering spectra, depends on the amplitude and on the phase at which the electron sees the laser electric field. Novel, simple asymptotic expansions are obtained for the spectrum of radiation that is backscattered from a laser by a counter-propagating (or co-propagating) electron. The solutions are presented in such a way that they explicitly show—at least in the single particle regime—the relative merit of using an intense laser and of an energetic electron beam in x-ray production. The close analogy with free electron laser/synchrotron source is indicated.

https://www.unl.edu/diocles/docs/lau_pop_03.pdf

Nonlinear Thomson scattering: A tutorial

Plasma waves excited by intense laser beams can be harnessed to produce femtosecond duration bunches of electrons with relativistic energies. The very large electrostatic forces of plasma density wakes trailing behind an intense laser pulse provide field potentials capable of accelerating charged particles to high energies over very short distances, as high as 1 GeV in a few millimetres. The short length scale of plasma waves provides a means of developing very compact high-energy accelerators, which could form the basis of compact next-generation light sources with unique properties. Tuneable X-ray radiation and particle pulses with durations of the order of or less than 5 fs should be possible and would be useful for probing matter on unprecedented time and spatial scales. If developed to fruition this revolutionary technology could reduce the size and cost of light sources by three orders of magnitude and, therefore, provide powerful new tools to a large scientific community. We will discuss how a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator can be used to produce radiation with unique characteristics over a very large spectral range.

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Radiation sources based on laser-plasma interactions.

Time-structure and frequency-spectrum measurements of the UC Santa Barbara free-electron-laser oscillator show that for periods shorter than 5 microsec. The laser operates in a stable single-cavity mode having a strikingly small fractional frequency bandwidth of 10/sup 8/. This constitutes the first demonstration of high-temporal-coherence operation of a free-electron laser. For periods longer than 5 microsec, the laser-frequency changes in unexpected quantized steps, which may be explained in terms of a homogeneously broadened gain profile coupled to a small monotonic drift in electron-beam energy.

Observation of single-mode operation in a free-electron laser. Technical report, 1 October 1985-30 December 1986

A beam microwave instability induced by the coherent radiation of the density fluctuations is studied theoretically in this paper. We consider the case when coherent synchrotron radiation of a bunch as a whole is suppressed by screening and is caused by microstructures with longitudinal dimensions small compared to the bunch length. In this case, we can simplify consideration studying stability of a coasting beam with the line density equal to the local line density of the bunch.

Beam Instability and Microbunching due to Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

Superconducting radio-frequency electron guns are viewed by many as the preferred technology for generating the high-quality, high-current beams needed for future high power free-electron lasers and energy recovery linacs. All previous guns of this type have employed elliptical cavities, but there are potential advantages associated with other geometries. Here we describe the design, commissioning, and initial results from a superconducting radio-frequency electron gun employing a quarter-wave resonator configuration, the first such device to be built and tested. In initial operation, the gun has generated beams with bunch charge in excess of 78 pC, energy of 469 keV, and normalized rms emittances of about $4.9\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Currently, bunch charge is limited by the available drive laser energy, and beam energy is limited by x-ray production and the available rf power. No fundamental limits on beam charge or energy have been encountered, and no high-field quenching events have been observed.

https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.053501

Design and operation of a superconducting quarter-wave electron gun

Twenty-three years after the first operation of the short wavelength free electron laser (FEL) at Stanford University, there continue to be many important experiments, proposed experiments, and user facilities around the world. Properties of FELs operating in the infrared, visible, UV, and X-ray wavelength regimes are listed and discussed. r 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 41.60.Cr

Short wavelength free electron lasers in 2000

High power solid state laser systems are being developed for advanced weapons and sensors for a variety of Department of Defense applications including naval surface combatants. The transient power and cooling requirements of these emerging technologies present significant challenges to the electric power distribution and thermal management systems, particularly for applications requiring back fit of the new systems onto existing platforms with limited electric power generation and cooling capacities. The University of Texas Center for Electromechanics (UT-CEM) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) have collaborated in the development of simulation models of ship power systems to evaluate and help guide the integration of pulsed laser loads onto existing ship platforms. Key to the success of these efforts is the definition of a suitable energy storage system to handle the effect of the transient load. This paper reports on the progress of detailed MatLab/Simulink models of a destroyer class ship service electric power distribution system that have been developed to evaluate the performance of battery, flywheel, and capacitor energy storage in support of laser weapons. The models allow the user to develop comparative studies of the three energy storage systems in regard to several relevant metrics that can be used for their discrimination. Examples of some of these results based on the simulations are given.

/pdf/power-system-and-energy-storage-models-for-laser-integration-2g61vwdqaz.pdf

Power system and energy storage models for laser integration on naval platforms

The dimensionless current density j is important for determining the relationship between different experimental systems as well as evaluating many FEL effects. Multimode operation in the FEL oscillator is expressed in terms of a mapping depending only on j and the resonator Q .

Parameterizing physical effects in free electron lasers

A powerful, coherent X-ray source may require a high-gain free-electron laser that makes use of self-amplified spontaneous emission. High gain can be achieved by using a combination of high peak current and a long undulator. The theoretical description of the high-gain FEL starts from the Lorentz-Maxwell equations solved self-consistently.

William B. Colson

Papers

Design and operation of a superconducting quarter-wave electron gun

Short wavelength free electron lasers in 2000

Power system and energy storage models for laser integration on naval platforms

Parameterizing physical effects in free electron lasers

Theory of high-gain free-electron lasers