William M. Shafer

TL;DR: By understanding the evolution, emergence, and spread of AMR in N. gonorrhoeae, including its molecular and phenotypic mechanisms, resistance to antimicrobials used clinically can be anticipated, and future methods for genetic testing for AMR might permit region-specific and tailor-made antimicrobial therapy, the design of novel antimicroBials to circumvent the resistance problems can be undertaken more rationally.

TL;DR: Data suggest that aureolysin production by S. aureus contributes to the resistance of this pathogen to the innate immune system of humans mediated by LL-37.

TL;DR: Genetic and biochemical evidence is reported that gonococcal susceptibility to the lethal action of PG-1 and other structurally unrelated antibacterial peptides, including a peptide that is expressed constitutively by human granulocytes and testis and inducibly by keratinocytes, is modulated by an energy-dependent efflux system termed mtr.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the 13 bp inverted-repeat sequence represents a transcriptional control element that regulates expression of the mtrRCDE gene complex, thereby modulating levels of gonococcal susceptibility to HAs.

TL;DR: Data indicated that meningococci utilize multiple mechanisms including the action of the MtrC-MtrD- MtrE efflux pump and lipid A modification as well as the type IV pilin secretion system to modulate levels of CAMP resistance.