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Using Multivariate Statistics

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

The population bomb.

Effects of place attachment on users’ perceptions of social and environmental conditions in a natural setting

Research on crowding-related standards of quality increasingly has focused on personal and social norms. Several norm-measurement approaches have been developed. This study compares and evaluates three issues related to alternative norm measurement approaches: numerical versus visual approach, long versus short question format, and evaluative dimension. Study data are drawn from a multiphase program of research on crowding on the carriage roads of Acadia National Park, Maine. Differences in crowding norms developed from alternative measurement approaches are described and discussed. Study findings suggest that commonly used norm-measurement approaches may lead to crowding-related standards of quality that are overly conservative.

Crowding Norms: Alternative Measurement Approaches

This study measures environmental values and ethics and explores their relation ships to attitudes toward national forest management. The principal research methods were literature review and a survey of Vermont residents concerning man agement of the Green Mountain National Forest. Descriptive findings suggest respondents (1) favor nonmaterial values of national forests, (2) subscribe to a diversity of environmental ethics, including anthropocentric and bio-/ecocentric, and (3) support emerging concepts of ecosystem management. Environmental values and ethics explain approximately 60% of the variation in attitudes toward national forest management.

https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/1999/nc_1999_manning_001.pdf

Values, ethics, and attitudes toward national forest management: An empirical study

Displacement, product shift, and rationalization are coping mechanisms that can be adopted in response to crowding and conflict in outdoor recreation. Using survey methods, this SNdy found relatively high levels of adoption of coping mechanisms by residents of communities in and around Acadia National Park. Maine in response to perceived increases in 1) overall recreation use levels, 2) selected recreation activities and -') selected problem behavion. While only 7.4% of respondents reported that they no longer use the carriage roads because of the changes in use that have occurred, nearly aD respondents (94%) reponed adopting one or more behavioral or cognitive coping mechanisms. Study findings suggest that coping may be pervuive in outdoor recreation, that coping includes behavioral and cognitive mechanisms, and that coping is related to perceived changes in both the amount and type of outdoor recreation. High levels of coping as found in this study may be sb'esSful at the individual level, may lead to dimini.~hed divenity of outdoor recreation opportunities at the socie~ level, and suggests that overall -satiaCaction- may be a superficial and even misleading measure of quality in outdoor re:creation.

William Valliere

Papers

Crowding Norms: Alternative Measurement Approaches

Values, ethics, and attitudes toward national forest management: An empirical study

Coping in outdoor recreation: causes and consequences of crowding and conflict among community residents.

Visitor perceptions of recreation-related resource impacts.

Proactive monitoring and adaptive management of social carrying capacity in Arches National Park: an application of computer simulation modeling.