How does sprawl differ across urban built-up land types in China? A spatial-temporal analysis of the Beijing metropolitan area using granted land parcel data

The internal structure of urban construction land expansion (UCLE) is closely related to urban sustainability, and the UCLE in China’s port city has a unique pattern. This study attempted to monitor the internal structure evolution of UCLE based on construction land transfer data in Ningbo’s central city from 2002 to 2015. Equality fan analysis and kernel density analysis were applied to characterize the spatial–temporal dynamics of different types of UCLE and to summarize their evolution patterns. The results revealed that in the whole study area, the rank of the expansion size and intensity of construction land was: industrial land > traffic land > residential land > public land > commercial land. The dominant directions of all types of UCLE were the directions of the port zones. In the port zones, there were more apparent expansion trends and higher expansion intensities of industrial, traffic and public lands, which meant that the port had significant impact on UCLE, especially in terms of industrial land. Additionally, commercial and residential land expansions showed a circle-shaped gradient pattern; industrial land sprawl was in a leapfrog pattern; public and traffic land sprawl was illustrated in a bi-centric pattern. In the future, local government should encourage the development of residential and public land rather than industrial land, and shift the present industry structure which dominated by industry to a more balanced structure, in order to achieve sustainable development.

Monitoring the Different Types of Urban Construction Land Expansion (UCLE) in China’s Port City: A Case Study of Ningbo’s Central City

From 2004–2013 Beijing saw one of the most rapid urban expansions in its history. During this period, the resident population in the municipality grew by nearly 50 %. Urban land use also grew at a similar rate in the form of greenfield expansion and densification – although no existing sources give a clear indication of the extent of this land use growth. A significant gap between what takes place on the ground and statistical data exists. This gap hampers effective policy analysis in many areas of urban development where a rapid policy response is needed. The intent of this paper is to present findings from our recent research that examined the effectiveness and potential of using online administrative data sources published by the municipal government bureaus/commissions to better understand Beijing’s urban expansion from 2004 to 2013. We show that the timely reporting of government administrative records for urban development permissions and urban land transactions which arose from the Open Government initiative, has opened up new opportunities to monitor and analyse the emerging patterns of urban land use development. Specifically, the paper uses urban land plot transaction data collected from the website of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, focuses on the patterns of land supply for housing and employment, which is a particularly weak area in the field. It first reports the assembly of administrative data sources through web and GIS techniques, and then analyses the growth pattern of Beijing’s land supply through statistical analysis and mapping. Through a comparison of the new data with published statistics, the paper assesses the strength and weaknesses of available online data. The analysis suggests that housing land is decentralising at a faster pace than employment land, in particular developments for offices and institutions tend to focus on the central area of the city. In time this may worsen the job/housing balance across the municipality and exacerbate the pressure on radial transport corridors from the city centre.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-18470-8_12.pdf

Understanding Beijing’s Urban Land Use Development from 2004–2013 Through Online Administrative Data Sources

Based on GIS technology, this paper discusses the relationship between Commercial Housing Construction and Urban Land Supply of Nanjing. In the “Nanjing Urban Master Plan (2007–2020)”, Nanjing is considered as circle structure of 4 layers, the old city, the main city, the center city and metropolitan area. Taken four regions as research unit, the real estate sales information of each plate in Nanjing (since 2005), sale information of 843 commercial residential real estates, and urban land supplying data (since 2000) were collected by year. Using ArcGIS, the spatial analysis on these data were carried out. The sale data of real estate in Nanjing (2005–2009) and the urban land supplying quantity (2000–2009) were analyzed. Besides, a comparative analysis between the urban land supplying and the sale of real estate was also implemented. Finally, the relationship between commercial housing market and urban land supply of Nanjing is revealed.

GIS analysis on commercial housing construction and urban land supply of Nanjing

To illustrate the Chinese real estate market bubbles' situation and trends, analyze relevant characteristics and structural features, this research used qualitative and quantitative research methods, and focused on statistical analysis of housing prices in major cities and the whole country, like the growth rate of economic and price, the price earnings ratio and other data. Basing on the relevant literature at home and abroad, this results showed that there is a small deviation of China's overall economic development and the real estate index, individual cities is relatively large but still acceptable. Chinese real estate market bubble is not serious, because of irrational economic growth, super city agglomeration effect, short-sighted real estate regulations and deformity housing concept, consumers would feel house price is too high.

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Research on Characteristics of Real Estate Price Bubbles in China

Since the 1980s Chinese cities have experienced dramatic transformation of its land use system from free allocation toward a leasehold systemRecent literature has drawn attention to spatial features of land market in transitional Chinese cities,in comparison to its counterparts in advanced market economiesNonetheless,research on this issue haven been limited by the lack of systematic data-especially spatial data-on land leasing parcels as well as other related data sourcesBased on about 2600 residential land leasing parcel data from 1992 to 2006 and Beijing Digital City integrated data,this paper is processing general evaluation and actual description of the tempo-spatial characteristics of the residential lands' expansion since China launched the market-oriented land-leasing policy in 1992The authors choose the spatial analysis methods with the aid of GIS,to evaluate the spatial pattern in the downtown area of BeijingGenerally speaking,the residential land market has a "Classic Concentric" overall pattern and an obvious spatial differentiation structure over timeIn particular,we studied some major residential districts of Beijing including CBD,Zhongguancun,and Olympic-Park district etcBased on the analysis,we found that:(1) The residential land-leasing market of Beijing showed a growing trend from 1992 to 2006,with the expansion of the residential lands' number,size,and the flat tendency of residential land price;(2) Residential land price showed a "North high-South low" spatial pattern,and residential land number and size showed an "East high-West low" spatial distribution structure;(3) The high residential land price sections extended from city center to the outside from 1992 to 2006 gradually;(4) The Tianqiao and CBD districts have become the highest residential land price sections of the North-South axis and the East-West axis,respectivelyAnd the residential land price is relatively high in some districts with better locationsWe believe our research would enrich the existing knowledge of the emerging urban land market in transitional China,and provide information for further land and housing policy making

WU Wen-jie

Papers

Tempo-spatial analysis of the residential land's spatial pattern in Beijing