How does sprawl differ across urban built-up land types in China? A spatial-temporal analysis of the Beijing metropolitan area using granted land parcel data

Disparities in residential environment and satisfaction among urban residents in Dalian, China

http://meipokwan.org/Paper/Zhou_et_al_2015_Cities.pdf

Social and spatial differentiation of high and low income groups’ out-of-home activities in Guangzhou, China

This paper describes the design and implementation of an evacuation simulation model developed based on the Traffic Grid Model in NetLogo. In this model, different scenarios were tested in order to find out the best strategy within specific environments. The model is flexible and includes many parameters to adjust to environment conditions and agent rules. These parameters can be modified to study which driving factors contribute most to drivers’ evacuation performance. This research also focuses on the method of results analysis and traffic performance evaluation for different combinations of two model parameters. In each experiment, we analysed metrics such as evacuation time and average car speed for each strategy under different population distribution patterns. The results showed that this model could reveal an effective evacuation strategy for realistic scenarios.

International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development

The nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a critical indicator for the prevention and control of plague, which can be used not only to detect the spatial and temporal distributions of Meriones unguiculatus, but also to reveal its cluster rule. This research detected the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the plague natural foci of Mongolian gerbils by body flea index from 2005 to 2014, in order to predict plague outbreaks. Global spatial autocorrelation was used to describe the entire spatial distribution pattern of the body flea index in the natural plague foci of typical Chinese Mongolian gerbils. Cluster and outlier analysis and hot spot analysis were also used to detect the intensity of clusters based on geographic information system methods. The quantity of M. unguiculatus nest fleas in the sentinel surveillance sites from 2005 to 2014 and host density data of the study area from 2005 to 2010 used in this study were provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemic focus regions of the Mongolian gerbils remain the same as the hot spot regions relating to the body flea index. High clustering areas possess a similar pattern as the distribution pattern of the body flea index indicating that the transmission risk of plague is relatively high. In terms of time series, the area of the epidemic focus gradually increased from 2005 to 2007, declined rapidly in 2008 and 2009, and then decreased slowly and began trending towards stability from 2009 to 2014. For the spatial change, the epidemic focus regions began moving northward from the southwest epidemic focus of the Mongolian gerbils from 2005 to 2007, and then moved from north to south in 2007 and 2008. The body flea index of Chinese gerbil foci reveals significant spatial and temporal aggregation characteristics through the employing of spatial autocorrelation. The diversity of temporary and spatial distribution is mainly affected by seasonal variation, the human activity and natural factors.

/pdf/temporal-and-spatial-distribution-characteristics-in-the-4o01yx4i3l.pdf

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in the natural plague foci of Chinese Mongolian gerbils based on spatial autocorrelation.

In social and environmental sciences,researchers are interested in the analysis and modeling of the spatial data.Unlike ordinary data,the locations of the observation are also concerned as well as the values relating to the objects in spatial data analysis.Real estate has gone through a dramatic growth in China these years,and there were a lot of researches on the development of real estate.But most of the studies just considered the social and economic attributes of the real estate.The location of the real estate was not fully considered.With the development of the Geographical Information Sciences(GISc),the theories and methods about spatial dada analysis developed too.And there are more tools and softwares focused on spatial analysis,which improved the application of the spatial data analysis.In this paper,the way of spatial data analysis,such as point pattern analysis,spatial correlation analysis and spatial interpolation were recommended and used in the study about the real estate in Beijing,the capital of China.By using the quadrat analysis,nearest neighbor analysis and Ripley's K function,the clumped pattern of the real estate in Beijing is found.The Moran's I,which is often used to test the spatial autocorrelation,also suggests that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the price of the house in Beijing.This means that the research about the price of the house in Beijing must concern about this important characteristic.By use of ordinary kirging,the spatial pattern of the house price in Beijing was simulated,and the results also show that the price has some interesting relationship with the development of the city itself.

Application of spatial analysis to the research of real estate:taking Beijing as a case

Since the 1980s Chinese cities have experienced dramatic transformation of its land use system from free allocation toward a leasehold systemRecent literature has drawn attention to spatial features of land market in transitional Chinese cities,in comparison to its counterparts in advanced market economiesNonetheless,research on this issue haven been limited by the lack of systematic data-especially spatial data-on land leasing parcels as well as other related data sourcesBased on about 2600 residential land leasing parcel data from 1992 to 2006 and Beijing Digital City integrated data,this paper is processing general evaluation and actual description of the tempo-spatial characteristics of the residential lands' expansion since China launched the market-oriented land-leasing policy in 1992The authors choose the spatial analysis methods with the aid of GIS,to evaluate the spatial pattern in the downtown area of BeijingGenerally speaking,the residential land market has a "Classic Concentric" overall pattern and an obvious spatial differentiation structure over timeIn particular,we studied some major residential districts of Beijing including CBD,Zhongguancun,and Olympic-Park district etcBased on the analysis,we found that:(1) The residential land-leasing market of Beijing showed a growing trend from 1992 to 2006,with the expansion of the residential lands' number,size,and the flat tendency of residential land price;(2) Residential land price showed a "North high-South low" spatial pattern,and residential land number and size showed an "East high-West low" spatial distribution structure;(3) The high residential land price sections extended from city center to the outside from 1992 to 2006 gradually;(4) The Tianqiao and CBD districts have become the highest residential land price sections of the North-South axis and the East-West axis,respectivelyAnd the residential land price is relatively high in some districts with better locationsWe believe our research would enrich the existing knowledge of the emerging urban land market in transitional China,and provide information for further land and housing policy making

Tempo-spatial analysis of the residential land's spatial pattern in Beijing

In recent years, in order to create a better and more suitable space for living and work, and also for improving the living standard of people continuously, whether a city is amenity city has become the research focus of scholars. Hence attention should be paid to the research on spatial characteristics of urban residential suitability which are still inadequately dealt with.Study on the spatial structure of urban residential suitability and restrict factors has great theoretical and practical significance to urban development programming and city environmental planning. Therefore choosing convenience, health, safety, environment comfort level and convenience of going out to travel as the indexes, questionnaires are designed to investigate the residents who had stable life in Dalian for more than half a year. Then the spatial characteristics of urban residential suitability in Dalian are evaluated by AHP and Q cluster analysis method taking administrative divisions and functional regions as basic unit.And the analysis is based on the data of quantifiable questionnaires.We hope that it can provide reference for the urban construction of Dalian.The following conclusions are drawn: In citizens'opinion, some differences exist in urban residential suitability in different districts,and in downtown, the satisfaction descends gradually from the eastern coastal region to the northwestern urban-rural-integration-area. Comparatively speaking, the urban residential suitability in Zhongshan district is the best contrarily, Ganjingzi district in urban-rural-integration-area is ranked last in urban residential suitability evaluation. And in outer suburbs, urban residential suitability satisfaction in Lushunkou district and development zone is higher than Jinzhou district. At the same time, the result of clustering analysis of different functional regions shows that the area which is political, economic and commercial center of Dalian has the highest score of urban residential suitability; the intersections of urban and rural areas in northwest of the city have the lowest score; although the urban residential suitability in some of the outer suburbs is better, the difference is significant among indicators. On the whole, the score descends gradually from city center to suburbs in spatial pattern and divergences of indexes are also lager. It accords with the result of evaluation on district.

The spatial evaluation of urban residential suitability in Dalian

Residents in urban China are paying increasingly more attention to the quality of life and personal well-being with the improvement of living standards. Improving residents' quality of life is also an important target of urban development. Scholars have conducted research on subjective well-being from the perspective of psychology, sociology, and economics for a long time. However, only few geographic studies in China have addressed this topic. Among these studies, some were concerned with the evaluation method of happy city or happy region by building an evaluation index system, others focused on small scale case studies that examine the influencing factors of individuals' subjective well-being. These studies show that individual social attributes have significant impact on subjective well-being; subjective well-being is also influenced by socioeconomic factors such as crime rate and employment of a city or region. On the other hand, by reviewing the literature we found that geographers in western countries have conducted much research on the measurement, index system, and influencing factors of subjective well-being. Given the Chinese socioeconomic, policy, and institutional context of the past decades, it is important to examine the unique factors that affect subjective well-being of citizens in China,which has not been adequately covered by existing research. Based on the data from a large survey of 5732 participants conducted in 2013 in Beijing, this article develops an indicator system of individual subjective well-being; it also analyzes the subjective well-being of individuals with different social attributes and estimates the impact of relevant factors on subjective well-being with a multivariate linear regression model. Several conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) Individuals with diverse social attributes are significantly different in subjective wellbeing. The young and the old are happier than the middle-aged group of respondents. Family income has positive impact on subject well-being. However, people with highest family income are not the happiest. Individuals who are highly educated or have a big family are happier. Household heads, pensioners, high-rank managers of companies, and employees of state-owned enterprises are more satisfied with their lives.(2) The majority of the survey participants gave higher scores on life satisfaction but lower scores on happiness.(3) Policy and institutional factors have significant impact on individual's subjective well-being. Respondents with Beijing hukou feel happier and those living in commercial housing are happier than those living in residence provided by workplace or in affordable housing.(4) Increase of working or commuting time leads to lower happiness.(5) Respondents who changed residence once or twice in the last five years feels happier, but this is not the case with those who changed housing more than three times. Similarly, changing job makes people unhappy.(6) Individuals feel happier if they feel good about the living environment, national policy, personal health, and relative income.

Residents' subjective well-being and influencing factors in Beijing

On the background of continued expansion and population growth of Beijing,the distribution of people's spatial living is becoming more and more important and gets increased emphasis by researchers. Based on the large-scale survey in 2005,this study used the method of ecological factor analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis to give the spatial living distribution of different groups of residents in eight districts and the suburbs of five representative regions including a total of 134 communities. Using the ways of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis,the thesis tries to identify all the residents' characteristics into two main integrated factors,which are the level of potential for the future and the level of existing standard of living. Then the paper divides all the residents into five groups with those factors,i.e.,the groups of low-potential and poor-status persons (type I),high-potential and poor-status persons (type II),high-potential and medium-status persons (type III),medium-potential and medium-status persons (type IV) and high-potential and excellent-status persons (type V). By using spatial autocorrelation analysis,the paper reveals that the groups of types II,IV and V people have the most significant living aggregation from the view of global spatial autocorrelation. From the view of local spatial autocorrelation,the article finds that the groups of types I and II people obviously cluster to the eastern and northeastern parts of the city. The group of type I has the largest proportion in the communities of Heizhuanghu,Tongzhou and Dougezhuang. The group of type II is concentrated in a fan-shaped region with Dongzhimen Street as the center. Most people of type IV live in the inner city. The groups of types V and III people are scattered,and settled mostly in Tiantongyuan and Sijiqing.

Zhang Wenzhong

Papers

Application of spatial analysis to the research of real estate:taking Beijing as a case

Tempo-spatial analysis of the residential land's spatial pattern in Beijing

The spatial evaluation of urban residential suitability in Dalian

Residents' subjective well-being and influencing factors in Beijing

A spatial autocorrelation analysis of the residents' living distribution by groups in Beijing based on their social characteristics