다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

The richness of optical and electronic properties of graphene attracts enormous interest. Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency, in addition to flexibility, robustness and environmental stability. So far, the main focus has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices. However, we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics, where the combination of its unique optical and electronic properties can be fully exploited, even in the absence of a bandgap, and the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability. The rise of graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is shown by several recent results, ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to touch screens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers. Here we review the state-of-the-art in this emerging field.

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Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

Research into terahertz technology is now receiving increasing attention around the world, and devices exploiting this waveband are set to become increasingly important in a very diverse range of applications. Here, an overview of the status of the technology, its uses and its future prospects are presented.

Cutting-edge terahertz technology

Terahertz spectroscopy systems use far-infrared radiation to extract molecular spectral information in an otherwise inaccessible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Materials research is an essential component of modern terahertz systems: novel, higher-power terahertz sources rely heavily on new materials such as quantum cascade structures. At the same time, terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials, including semiconductors and biomolecules.

Materials for terahertz science and technology

Terahertz-Radiation Enhanced Emission of Fluorescence (THz-REEF) was studied in the counter-propagating configuration as a more accurate representation of stand-off THz sensing scenarios. Determination of the THz amplitude and phase using this technique was successfully demonstrated.

Broadband THz detection in the counter-propagating configuration using THz-enhanced plasma fluorescence

We have quantified the ultrafast birefringence induced in air plasma by measuring the THz-field-induced second harmonic (TFISH) along two orthogonal directions with THz air-biased-coherent-detection technique. The time domain TFISH waveforms and polarization state were measured under different polarizations of fundamental wave. The measured polarization state of the TFISH agree well with predictions made with cross-phase modulation theory.

Measurement of birefringence inside an air plasma by THz-ABCD

We report an experimental study of the reflection of s- and p-polarized subpicosecond THz-radiation pulses from silicon. We propose silicon reflection switches for electron bunch length measurement via THz wake field diagnostics.

A femtosecond laser-activated silicon reflection switch for electron-beam bunch length measurements

We report the experimental results of using GaSe crystals for the tunable broadband detection of terahertz (THz) waves from 100 GHz to 30 THz The results indicate that a GaSe crystal is a good sensor crystal for broadband THz waves with a 10 fs laser system In comparison, the THz wave field amplitude measured with a GaSe crystal exceeds that detected by a ZnTe crystal with comparable detection bandwidth The central frequency of THz pulses detected by the GaSe crystal is tunable by tilting the angle about the vertical axis, which is perpendicular to the direction of the probe beam This suggests that GaSe can be also used as a narrowband detector

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9723/30686/01422094.pdf

Broadband THz detection using GaSe crystals

We examine the terahertz (THz) emission from air filament driven by two-color lasers with relatively longer wavelengths than 800 nm. The THz energy dependence on the input laser energy increases more rapidly with a longer laser wavelength, and the scaling laws of THz energy as a function of fundamental wavelength vary for different optical powers, which is theoretically validated by considering the optical wavelength-dependent ionization rate. Furthermore, the THz polarization undergoes a continuous rotation as a function of the laser wavelength, since the relative phase and polarization of the two pulses are adjusted through changing the excitation wavelength in the frequency doubling crystal. Our results contribute to the understanding of THz wave generation in a femtosecond laser filament and suggest a practical way to control the polarization of terahertz pulses for potential applications.

Xi-Cheng Zhang

Papers

Broadband THz detection in the counter-propagating configuration using THz-enhanced plasma fluorescence

Measurement of birefringence inside an air plasma by THz-ABCD

A femtosecond laser-activated silicon reflection switch for electron-beam bunch length measurements

Broadband THz detection using GaSe crystals

Excitation-Wavelength Dependent Terahertz Wave Polarization Control in Laser-Induced Filament