Energy management is an enabling technique to guarantee the reliability and economy of hybrid electric systems. This paper proposes a novel machine learning-based energy management strategy for a hybrid electric bus (HEB), with an emphasized consciousness of both thermal safety and degradation of the onboard lithium-ion battery (LIB) system. Firstly, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is combined with an expert-assistance system, for the first time, to enhance the “cold start” performance and optimize the power allocation of HEB. Secondly, in the framework of the proposed algorithm, the penalties to over-temperature and LIB degradation are embedded to improve the management quality in terms of the thermal safety enforcement and overall driving cost reduction. The proposed strategy is tested under different road missions to validate its superiority over state-of-the-art techniques in terms of training efficiency and optimization performance.

Battery-Involved Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Bus Based on Expert-Assistance Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm

What fuel properties enable higher thermal efficiency in spark-ignited engines?

An analytical calculation method of the load distribution and stiffness of an angular contact ball bearing

Path-tracking of autonomous vehicles using a novel adaptive robust exponential-like-sliding-mode fuzzy type-2 neural network controller

Multi-objective optimization design and control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain for minimization of energy consumption, exhaust emissions and battery degradation

Much progress has been made in the development of automotive transmissions over the past 20 years, e.g., an increased speed number, expanded ratio spread and improved efficiency and shift quality. Automotive transmissions are moving toward electrification in response to stringent legislation on emissions and the pressing demand for better fuel economy. This paper reviews progress in automotive transmission technology. Assisted by computer-aided programs, new transmission schemes are constantly being developed. We therefore first introduce the synthesis of the transmission scheme and parameter optimization. We then discuss the progress in the transmission technology of a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle in terms of new layouts; improved efficiency; noise, vibration and harshness technology; and the shifting strategy and control technology. As the major development trend, transmission electrification is subsequently discussed; this discussion includes the configuration design, energy management strategy, hybrid mode shifting control, single-speed and multi-speed electric vehicle transmission and distributed electric drive. Finally, a summary and outlook are presented for conventional automotive transmissions, hybrid transmissions and electric vehicle transmissions.

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Xiangyang Xu

Papers

Progress in Automotive Transmission Technology

Adaptive fuzzy iterative control strategy for the wet-clutch filling of automatic transmission

Optimized control of engine start assisted by the disconnect clutch in a P2 hybrid automatic transmission

Design and analysis of a novel multi-speed automatic transmission with four degrees-of-freedom

A model to predict initiation and propagation of micro-pitting on tooth flanks of spur gears