Eco-friendly dyeing and finishing of organic cotton fabric using natural dye (gardenia yellow) reduced-stabilized nanosilver: full factorial design

Natural dyes exhibit a low dye uptake when cellulosic fiber dyeing is carried out using a conventional water bath dyeing process. In this research, cotton fabric was exhaust dyed in a microemulsion dyebath containing cacao husk extracts dye and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) to achieve higher dye exhaustion percentage on cotton fiber, which is an environmentally beneficial dyeing process. The adsorption behavior of cacao husk extract dye in a D5 microemulsion system was investigated under conditions of varied dye mass (1–8% o.w.f), dyeing time (5–500 min), and dyeing temperatures (333–373 K). Kinetic modelling of cacao husk extracts dye/D5 adsorption on cotton fiber was studied by fitting experimental data to pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetics, and the intraparticle diffusion model. Early results indicated that the kinetic model of adsorption of cacao husk extracts dye on cotton fiber followed the pseudo second-order model. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models were employed to analyze the adsorption isotherms, and the results showed that the adsorption process fit well with the Langmuir model compared to the Freundlich isotherm. The mean adsorption energy from the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model implied that adsorption of the cacao husk extracts onto cotton was accompanied with a physical process. The values of standard enthalpy (ΔH° > 0), standard entropy (ΔS° > 0), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG° < 0) strongly reflected that the adsorption of the cacao husk extracts onto cotton was thermodynamically favourable and feasible. Thus, waterless dyeing of cotton fabric using a natural dye/D5 system explores a sustainable dyeing technology with higher dye exhaustion percentage.

Adsorption, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies of cacao husk extracts in waterless sustainable dyeing of cotton fabric

The influence of caustic mercerization (CM) and liquid ammonia (LA) treatments on the properties of reactively dyed cotton fabrics were schematically studied. The cotton fabrics were dyed using different commercial reactive dyes such as Reactive Red 2 (R2), Reactive Blue 21 (B21), and Reactive Orange 5 (O5) via industrial dyeing procedures. The dyed fabrics were then treated using 260 g·L−1 of caustic soda solution at 23 °C for 180 s and pure LA at −40 °C for 3 min in slack and tension conditions. The dyeing properties of the fabrics such as dye removal percentage, color strength, color uniformity, reflectance, and fastness properties (washing, rubbing, hot pressing and light) were examined. The changes in tensile strength, elongation, bending property, decomposition temperature, crystal structure, and surface morphology of the samples were also investigated using a tensile strength tester, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Results revealed that the fabric dyed with O5 showed the best stability in CM and LA treatment, and the color strength and color uniformity of the dyed fabrics increased extensively after both treatments, while the reflectance of the fabrics decreased. The washing and rubbing fastness of the fabrics were also improved, which was mainly attributed to the diffusion of the dye molecules inside the fibers and enhanced bonding between fiber and dye molecules. The fastness to hot pressing and light was unaffected and all the samples retained fastness rating between 4 and 5 after being post-treated with the CM and LA, respectively. The tensile strength of the fabrics improved from 287 to 291 and 301 N, and the elongation at break increased from 11 to 21.5 and 26% after CM and LA treatment in slack conditions, respectively. Additionally, the tensile strength of the fabrics improved from 287 to 312 and 330 N, and the elongation at break increased from 11 to 12% after applying tension during both treatments. However, the total bending length and total flexural rigidity of the samples slightly increased after both the treatments either treated with or without tension, which was mainly attributed to the orientation of the cellulose microfibril angle along the fiber axis. The surface morphology and X-ray diffraction examination revealed that the treated samples consisted of smooth rod-like structure and the cellulose I allomorph was converted to cellulose II and cellulose III after CM and LA treatments. This developed treatment method could have application potential within the textile wet-processing industry, as it could be used to improve the dyeing properties and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics.

Post-treatment of reactive dyed cotton fabrics by caustic mercerization and liquid ammonia treatment

The conventional dyeing process requires a substantial amount of auxiliaries and water, which leaches hazardous colored effluents to the environment. Herein, a newly developed sustainable spray dyeing system has been proposed for cotton fabric in the presence of reactive dyes, which has the potential to minimize the textile dyeing industries environmental impact in terms of water consumption and save significant energy. The results suggest that fresh dye solution can be mixed with an alkali solution before spray dyeing to avoid the reactive dye hydrolysis phenomenon. After that, drying at 60-100 °C, wet fixation treating for 1-6 min, and combined treatments (wet fixation + drying) were sequentially investigated and then dye fixation percentages were around 63-65%, 52-70%, and above 80%, respectively. Following this, fixation conditions were optimized using L16 orthogonal designs, including wet fixation time, temperature, dye concentration, and pH with four levels where the "larger-the-better" function was selected to maximize the dye fixation rate. Additionally, the color uniformity and wash and rubbing fastnesses were at an acceptable level when both treatments were applied. Finally, the dyes were hydrolyzed after wet fixation, and the hydrolysis percentages were enhanced after the drying process.

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Combination of wet fixation and drying treatments to improve dye fixation onto spray-dyed cotton fabric.

The aerial parts of the Argy Worm Wood (AWW) plant have been used in different Chinese foods as a colorant and a taste enhancer for a long time. Despite its application as a food colorant, it has rarely been considered for the coloration of textiles. Keeping in mind the variation in color strength due to the change in phytochemical contents by seasonal change and other variables, the extraction of AWW aerial parts was optimized using the Taguchi method. Optimization was performed on the basis of total phytochemical contents (phenols, flavonoids, and tannins) in the extracted solutions. For this purpose, two different solvent systems, namely sodium hydroxide/water (NaOH/water) and ethanol/water (EtOH/water), were applied through a simple aqueous extraction method at varying levels of solvent concentration, and extraction temperature and duration. Maximum phytochemicals yield of 21.96% was obtained using NaOH/water system with 9 g/L NaOH/water at 85 °C for 20 min and 25.5% with 75% aqueous ethanol at 85 °C for 40 min. Optimized extracts were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, which showed the presence of multiple phytochemicals in the extracts. The dyeing temperature and time were also optimized. Dyed cotton fabrics showed medium to high colorfastness to washing and excellent antibacterial and UV radiation absorption properties. The effect of pre-mordanting with salts of iron and copper was also studied on the color fastness properties. Cotton fabrics dyed with two different solvent system extracts displayed various shades of brown with NaOH/water, and green with aqueous ethanol with and without pre-mordanting. The present study provides the textile industry with a promising source of functional bio-colorant and a value-adding approach for the AWW plant industry.

Extraction of Natural Dye from Aerial Parts of Argy Wormwood Based on Optimized Taguchi Approach and Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric.

Textile dyehouses are under scrutiny because they discharge colored and hazardous effluents to waterways. There is a need to develop an alternative dyeing system that does not produce any hazardous effluent. The waterless dyeing method could be a viable eco-friendly alternative to the traditional aqueous dyeing method. In this work, cacao husk extracts were used as a natural dye in the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium for the dyeing of cotton fabric, and subsequently, the dyed cotton was treated by a fixation treatment with a cationic dye-fixing agent in the D5 medium. The cotton fabric dyed with cacao husk extracts exhaustion in the waterless D5 medium exhibited better exhaustion, fixation rate, color strength (K/S), and colorfastness to washing and rubbing compared to the fabric dyed with the same extracts using the conventional aqueous dyeing and dye-fixing methods. The dye exhaustion percentage and the dye fixation rate were 95.6% and 94.8% in the D5 medium respectively, which is significantly higher in comparison to a 48.2% dye exhaustion percentage and a 35.3% dye fixation rate in the conventional water medium. An orthogonal array design (L9) was adopted to optimize the dyeing conditions with respect to exhaustion percentage. The results indicated that the dyebath temperature was the most important factor for achieving the optimal dye exhaustion, and dyeing time also showed considerable effects. Linear regression was used to predict the exhaustion percentage, and the resulting p value of 0.000 demonstrated that a strong coefficient was proven among all selected factors. This study has demonstrated that dyeing of cotton fabric with cacao husk extracts in the D5 dyeing system can be a viable method for the textile industry with minimal environmental pollution.

Effluent-free deep dyeing of cotton fabric with cacao husk extracts using the Taguchi optimization method

ABSTRACT In this study, we evaluated the association between the PPAT volume and the prognosis of PCa patients after LRP. We retrospectively analysed data of 189 PCa patients who underwent LRP in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Volumes of PPAT and prostate were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and normalized PPAT volume was computed (PPAT volume divided by prostate volume). Patients were then stratified into the high-PPAT group (n = 95) and low-PPAT group (n = 94) by the median of normalized PPAT volume (73%). The high-PPAT group had significantly higher Gleason score (total score 8 or more, 39.0% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001) and pathological stage (stage T3b, 28.4% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.048). No significant correlation between normalized PPAT volume and body mass index (ρ = −0.012, p = 0.872) was observed. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed the high-PPAT group had significantly shorter biochemical recurrence (BCR) interval (median progression-free survival time 15.9 months vs. 32.7 months, p = 0.001). Univiarate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed high normalized PPAT volume (>73%) (hazard ratio 1.787 [1.075–3.156], p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for BCR post-operatively. In conclusion, MRI-measured PPAT volume is of significant prognostic value for PCa patients undergoing LRP.

https://doi.org/10.1080/21623945.2023.2201964

MRI-measured periprostatic adipose tissue volume as a prognostic predictor in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Abstract Background Skull is a relatively rare metastasis site for prostate cancer (PCa). There is no evidence regarding the prognostic indication of skull metastasis (SM) in PCa patients. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of SM for metastatic PCa patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods 107 consecutive patients were included from September 2008 to August 2021. All patients were administered with standard ADT. Abiraterone plus glucocorticoid and/or docetaxel chemotherapy were given after failure to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clinical parameters and follow-up prognostic data were retrospectively analyzed. The association of clinical and pathological parameters with SM were analyzed. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression analyses. Results Patients with SM (n = 26) had significantly higher biopsy Gleason scores, higher clinical T stage, higher prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis, and were more likely to have high-burden metastasis and lymph node metastasis, compared with those without SM (n = 81). They also showed significantly lower level of hemoglobin, albumin and serum calcium, along with higher level of alkaline phosphatase. SM was significantly associated with shorter medium PFS (9.4 vs . 18.3 months, p &lt; 0.001) and OS (22.2 vs . 58.2 months, p &lt; 0.001). Cox analysis demonstrated that SM was an independent risk factor for shorter PFS (hazard ratio 2.327 [1.429–3.789], p = 0.001) and shorter OS (hazard ratio 2.810 [1.615–4.899], p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion In this study, we found that SM was significantly correlated with more aggressive disease and indicated poor prognosis in PCa patients with bone metastasis. Our study may provide useful reference for the risk stratification of PCa patients. 

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Skull metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis: a retrospective study based on a Chinese population

ABSTRACT In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the data of 901 men undergoing ultrasonography-guided systematic prostate biopsy between March 2013 and May 2022. Adipose features, including periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness, were measured using MRI before biopsy. Prediction models of all PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) (Gleason score higher than 6) were established based on variables selected by multivariate logistic regression and prediction nomograms were constructed. Patients with PCa had higher PPAT thickness (4.64 [3.65–5.86] vs. 3.54 [2.49–4.51] mm, p < 0.001) and subcutaneous fat thickness (29.19 [23.05–35.95] vs. 27.90 [21.43–33.93] mm, p = 0.013) than those without PCa. Patients with csPCa had higher PPAT thickness (4.78 [3.80–5.88] vs. 4.52 [3.80–5.63] mm, p = 0.041) than those with non-csPCa. Adding adipose features to the prediction models significantly increased the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the prediction of all PCa (0.850 vs. 0.819, p < 0.001) and csPCa (0.827 vs. 0.798, p < 0.001). Based on MRI-measured adipose features and clinical parameters, we established two nomograms that were simple to use and could improve patient selection for prostate biopsy in Chinese population.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21623945.2022.2148885?needAccess=true

MRI-measured adipose features as predictive factors for detection of prostate cancer in males undergoing systematic prostate biopsy: a retrospective study based on a Chinese population

Xiaobo Ye

Papers

Effluent-free deep dyeing of cotton fabric with cacao husk extracts using the Taguchi optimization method

MRI-measured periprostatic adipose tissue volume as a prognostic predictor in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Skull metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis: a retrospective study based on a Chinese population

MRI-measured adipose features as predictive factors for detection of prostate cancer in males undergoing systematic prostate biopsy: a retrospective study based on a Chinese population