Learning strategies play an important role in Second Language Acquisition.Understanding definitions and classifications of learning strategies as well as trends in resent research has important significance to foreign language teaching.

Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition

The paper discusses the deployment of cognitive and affective components for teaching languages in a blended learning university setting. A modified expectancy model of motivation was desig...

Psychodidactic approach in the development of language competences in university students within blended learning

Abstract Notch and Hedgehog signaling are involved in cancer biology and pathology, including the maintenance of tumor cell proliferation, cancer stem-like cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Given the complexity of Notch signaling in tumors, its role as both a tumor promoter and suppressor, and the crosstalk between pathways, the goal of developing clinically safe, effective, tumor-specific Notch-targeted drugs has remained intractable. Drugs developed against the Hedgehog signaling pathway have affirmed definitive therapeutic effects in basal cell carcinoma; however, in some contexts, the challenges of tumor resistance and recurrence leap to the forefront. The efficacy is very limited for other tumor types. In recent years, we have witnessed an exponential increase in the investigation and recognition of the critical roles of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in cancers, and the crosstalk between these pathways has vast space and value to explore. A series of clinical trials targeting signaling have been launched continually. In this review, we introduce current advances in the understanding of Notch and Hedgehog signaling and the crosstalk between pathways in specific tumor cell populations and microenvironments. Moreover, we also discuss the potential of targeting Notch and Hedgehog for cancer therapy, intending to promote the leap from bench to bedside. 

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The role of Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathway in cancer

The paper discusses psycho-didactic framework which is applied to stimulate language development and test language competence in students of bachelor study programmes within Blended learning concept Cognitive and affective determinants are unique to each student When this perspective is simplified to the core it is possible to state that each student has his/her learning prerequisites like knowledge and has his/her attitudes, interests and self-esteem In this presented research we tried to demonstrate the concept of determinants with real participants on the real teaching-learning stage The goal is to maternize theory and visualize how theory aligns with practice

Deployment of Cognitive and Affective Determinants in Blended Learning - Case Study

Taurine promotes Oreochromis niloticus survival against Edwardsiella tarda infection.

In recent years, flipped classroom has been more and more popular in education field. Since the second half of 2013, the learning process of students in an extra-curricular English teaching institution has been studying, where the teaching model of flipped classroom is used. With qualitative research method, research objects are four students and a teacher in one class. After data analysis, the article gets three conclusions: Firstly, learners prefer taking notes online to doing that in face-to-face class. Secondly, in the flipped classroom, it is very important for teachers to build knowledge construction and summarizing. Thirdly, from the perspective of theory, flipped classroom provides the chances of repeating learning for students. However, in practice, to fulfill repeating learning, learns also need intrinsic learning motivation.

Research of Learning Strategies in Flipped Classroom a Case of Extra-Curricular English Study

Desert hedgehog (DHH) signaling has been reported to be involved in spermatogenesis and the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). However, the role of DHH in proliferation of spermatogonia remain to be elucidated. Here we report that Dhh from medaka (Oryizas latipes) (named as OlDhh) could directly mediate the proliferation of spermatogonia via Smoothened (Smo) signaling. Oldhh is 1362 bp in length and encodes 453 amino acid (aa) residues with more than 50% identity with the homologs in other species. It has expression predominantly restricted to testis. The soluble and tag-free 176-aa mature OlDhh (named as mOlDhh) were successfully obtained by fusing with the N-terminal tag of cleavable 6-histidine and small ubiquitin related modifier and then removing the tag. Notably, mOlDhh significantly promoted the proliferation of SG3 (a spermatogonial cell line from medaka testis) in a dose-dependent manner and spermatogonia in testicular organ culture. Furthermore, the proliferation of SG3 in the presence of mOlDhh could be inhibited by Smo antagonist (Cyclopamine) resulting in apoptosis. Additionally, mOlDhh significantly upregulated the expression of smo as well as the pluripotent related genes bcl6b and sall4. These data suggest that Smo is an indispensable downstream component in the Dhh signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings unambiguously demonstrate that Dhh could directly mediate the proliferation of spermatogonia through Smo signaling. This study provides new knowledge about the proliferation regulation of spermatogonia.

Desert hedgehog mediates the proliferation of medaka spermatogonia through Smoothened signaling.

Nanog is one of the well-characterized core transcription factors in pluripotency maintenance network. So far, studies on fishes indicate that the Nanog expression occurs from embryonic 1-cell stage to blastula stage, and is restricted to the gonadal germline cells in adult tissues, which is strikingly different from that in mammals. However, whether this expression profile is conservative in fishes remains to be investigated. Here Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nanog (named as Ong) was identified and its spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryonic and gonadal development were investigated. The Ong cDNA contains an open reading frame of 678 bp, encoding 226 amino acids. The anti-Ong antibody was prepared through prokaryotic protein expression and its specificity was validated. The Ong expression in embryonic 1-cell stage did not appear until the early stage of blastocyst and continued to the late stage of blastocyst. In adult tissues, its expression was limited to gonads. Its expression patterns during gonadal development were further investigated by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. In testis, Ong was not expressed at 30 dah (days after hatching), but highly expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes at 150 dah; in ovaries at 30 and 150 dah, it was not expressed in germline cells but in all somatic cells. This expression profile is strikingly different from reports in fishes to date. Our study firstly indicates that the Nanog expression profile is not conservative in fishes. This study is valuable for further functional and evolutionary study of this gene. 

Characterization of nanog in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryonic and gonadal development.

Mammalian Nanog is critical in pluripotency acquisition and maintenance. Nonetheless, a recent report from zebrafish (Danio rerio) suggests that Nanog is not required for embryonic cells which is not like the mammalian homologs, but is necessary for the proper formation of the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). However, whether its biological function in other fishes is conservative remains to be investigated. Our previous work shows that Nanog from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (termed as Ong thereafter) displays differential spatiotemporal expression patterns from the other teleost fishes including zebrafish. In this study, Ong co-expression with Pou5f3 (another core pluripotent transcription factor), transcriptional regulation and its biological functions during embryonic development and in the survival and proliferation of embryonic cells were investigated. At the blastula stage, both Ong and Pou5f3 were highly expressed in embryonic cells and co-located in the nucleus. After that, the expression of both Ong and Pou5f3 began to decrease at the gastrula stage (24 haf) and then exhibited a differential expression profile at the segmentation stage (28-36 haf). Ong disappeared in embryonic cells and was limited to YSL, whilst Pou5f3 was highly expressed in embryonic cells even some with obvious cytoplasmic distribution. Luciferase assay indicated that Ong was negatively regulated by Pou5f3 and positively regulated by androgen and itself. Ong depletion in fertilized one-cell embryos through CRISPR/Cas9 led to blastula blockage or death, and the survival and proliferation of blastula-derived embryonic cells in vitro failed. Collectively, Ong has similar expression and biological function to Pou5f3 at the blastula stage, which is similar to mammalian homolog but different from zebrafish homolog. These data suggest that the expression patterns and functions of Nanog are not conservative in fishes and vary from species to species. This study enriches our understanding about Nanog and its evolution. 

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Nanog co-expression with Pou5f3, transcriptional regulation and biological activity in embyonic development and embryonic cells.

Ximei Qu

Papers

Research of Learning Strategies in Flipped Classroom a Case of Extra-Curricular English Study

Desert hedgehog mediates the proliferation of medaka spermatogonia through Smoothened signaling.

Characterization of nanog in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryonic and gonadal development.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Nanog co-expression with Pou5f3, transcriptional regulation and biological activity in embyonic development and embryonic cells.

Model Construction of Game-Based Teaching Applying in Class