Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most common human skin disorders. Although corticosteroids have been widely used to treat ACD and AD, the side effects of corticosteroids encourage researchers to explore new immunoregulatory treatments. Here, an immunomodulatory approach based on lipid nanoparticles carrying α‐helical configurational melittin (α‐melittin‐NP) is developed to overcome T cell‐mediated inflammatory reactions in an oxazolone (OXA)‐induced contact hypersensitivity mouse model and OXA‐induced AD‐like mouse model. Intradermal injection of low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs prevents the skin damage caused by melittin administration alone and efficiently targeted lymph nodes. Importantly, melittin and α‐melittin‐NPs restrain RelB activity in dendritic cells (DCs) and further suppresses dendritic cell activation and maturation in lymph nodes. Furthermore, low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs leads to relief of antigen recognition‐induced effector T cell arrest in the dermis and inhibited allergen‐specific T cell proliferation and activation. Significantly, this approach successfully controls Th1‐type cytokine release in the ACD model and restricts Th2‐type cytokine and IgE release in the AD‐like model. Overall, intradermal delivery of low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs efficiently elicits immunosuppression against T cell‐mediated immune reactions, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for treating skin disorders not restricted to the lesion region.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/advs.202204184

Melittin‐Carrying Nanoparticle Suppress T Cell‐Driven Immunity in a Murine Allergic Dermatitis Model

As the largest internal organ of the human body, the liver has an extremely complex vascular network and multiple types of immune cells. It plays an important role in blood circulation, material metabolism, and immune response. Optical imaging is an effective tool for studying fine vascular structure and immunocyte distribution of the liver. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and composition of liver vessels, the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the liver, and the spatial distribution and immune function of various cell components of the liver. Especially, we emphasize the 3D imaging methods for visualizing fine structure in the liver. Finally, we summarize and prospect the development of 3D imaging of liver vessels and immune cells. 

Three-dimensional structure of liver vessels and spatial distribution of hepatic immune cells

Building façade colors play an important role in influencing urban imageability, attraction and citizens’ experience. However, the relations between street functions and the building façade color distribution, color harmony and color diversity have not been thoroughly examined. We obtained the dominant colors of building façades in Changning District, Shanghai, utilizing Baidu street view images, image semantic segmentation technology and the K-means algorithm. The variations in building façades’ dominant colors, color harmony and diversity across different types of functional streets were examined through logistic regression and ANOVA analyses. The results indicate that, compared to industrial streets, red hues are more common in science education streets, residential streets and mixed functional streets. Business streets are more likely to have hues of green, red and red–purple. Residential streets’ saturation is overall higher than that of industrial streets. In business streets, the medium–high value occurs less frequently than other streets. Moreover, we found that the street building façade colors in industrial streets were more harmonious and less diversified than that in other functional streets. This study has implications for urban color planning practices. Color harmony and color diversity should be well considered in future planning. The role of street functions should also be addressed in building façade color planning, to improve existing planning frameworks as well as related strategies.

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Building Façade Color Distribution, Color Harmony and Diversity in Relation to Street Functions: Using Street View Images and Deep Learning

The liver is critical for the digestive and immune systems. Although the physiology and pathology of liver have been well studied and many scRNA-seq data are generated, a database and landscape for characterizing cell types and gene expression in different liver diseases or developmental stages at single-cell resolution are lacking. Hence, scLiverDB is developed, a specialized database for human and mouse liver transcriptomes to unravel the landscape of liver cell types, cell heterogeneity and gene expression at single-cell resolution across various liver diseases/cell types/developmental stages. To date, 62 datasets including 9,050 samples and 1,741,734 cells is curated. A uniform workflow is used, which included quality control, dimensional reduction, clustering, and cell-type annotation to analyze datasets on the same platform; integrated manual and automatic methods for accurate cell-type identification and provided a user-friendly web interface with multiscale functions. There are two case studies to show the usefulness of scLiverDB, which identified the LTB (lymphotoxin Beta) gene as a potential biomarker of lymphoid cells differentiation and showed the expression changes of Foxa3 (forkhead box A3) in liver chronic progressive diseases. This work provides a crucial resource to resolve molecular and cellular information in normal, diseased, and developing human and mouse livers.

scLiverDB: a Database of Human and Mouse Liver Transcriptome Landscapes at Single-Cell Resolution.

The use of optical microscopy and labeling methods in intravital imaging allows for direct tracking of cell behavior and dynamic changes at the molecular level in the physiological or pathological microenvironment of living animals, revealing the spatiotemporal information of individual cells in the immune response. The liver is an immunological organ that contains unique innate and adaptive immune cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs) and different types of T cells, and is involved in coordinating multiple immune responses in the body. Using intravital imaging to visualize the movement behaviors and functions of immune cells during the reaction processes of the liver under physiological and pathological conditions has shed new light on the understanding of liver immunity, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. This review introduces various window models and labeling methods for the liver in intravital optical imaging and describes how it provides movement behavior and functional information about different types of immune cells, such as KCs and T cells, in the liver. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in intravital optical imaging of liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, infections, and tumors. This review aims to be a useful resource for comprehending the developments and achievements in intravital imaging of the liver and uncovering spatiotemporal information of immune response in a living microenvironment. 

Advances in intravital imaging of liver immunity using optical microscopy and labeling methods

Rational: The complex vascular architecture and diverse immune cells of the liver are critical for maintaining liver homeostasis. However, quantification of the network of liver vasculature and immunocytes at different scales from a single hepatic lobule to an intact liver lobe remains challenging. Methods: Here, we developed a fast and fluorescence-preserving transparency method, denoted liver-CUBIC, for systematic and integrated analysis of the microcirculation and the three-dimensional distribution of dendritic cells (DCs)/macrophages in intact liver lobes. Results: Whole-mount imaging at mesoscale revealed that the hepatic classical lobule preferred the oblate ellipsoid morphology in the mouse liver and exhibited hepatic sinusoids with heterogeneous arrangement and intricate loop structure. Liver fibrosis not only induces sinusoidal density increase but also promotes sinusoidal arrangement with increased sinusoidal branch and loop structure. Meanwhile, we found that CD11c+ DCs followed a lognormal distribution in the hepatic lobules, skewing toward lobular boundary in steady state. CCl4-induced chronic liver injury promoted CD11c+ DC rearrangement at the lobular border before the formation of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, through whole-mount imaging of tumor-immune cell-vascular crosstalk in intact lobes based on liver-CUBIC, we characterized an accumulation of CX3CR1+CCR2+F4/80+ macrophages at metastatic foci in early colorectal liver metastases. Importantly, colorectal cells secrete CCL2 to mobilize CX3CR1+CCR2+F4/80+ macrophages to accumulate at liver micrometastases, and the interruption of CCL2-induced macrophage accumulation inhibits early colonization of metastasis in the liver. Conclusions: Our investigation of the sinusoidal network and DC/macrophage arrangements through the liver-CUBIC approach and whole-mount imaging provide a powerful platform for understanding hepatic circulatory properties and immune surveillance in the liver.

Mesoscale visualization of three-dimensional microvascular architecture and immunocyte distribution in intact mouse liver lobes

: The research is about how the various characteristics of color affect the environment and people’s emotions. The study from Steelcase company and the case from the renovation of Post-World War II Italy Building can serve as our theoretical support. When we chose the color of the house, we not only referred to Marion Boddy-Evans’s mother color theory but also paid tribute to classic Mondrian color scheme. For human, color will influence their psychology and show on daily behavior. Also, our study tries to create a relaxed living space through analyzing the color from three variables. To improve the happiness of building, external outlook becomes the key part that we borrow some ideas from the study of Piet Cornelies Mondrian’s artwork. With more Lego elements adding into building, we hope to bring more innocence of childhood into adult’s life to release people’s mental pressure. From the perspective of a lodger, the pellucidity of color could provide an effective way to make the surrounding environment and the building better integrated. As a result, we realized how vibrant color may amplify the brightness under natural circumstances and less resemble the color of real architecture. Color could transmit information like language, and they should be organized humanely and scientifically. In fact, color in architecture has become a permanent question that is worth investigating continuously to achieve color harmony.

What is the function of color for architecture to establish connection with Geography and Humanities?

Abstract Background Bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteoporosis may differ between urban and rural populations. This study aimed to investigate the differences in BMD characteristics between urban and rural populations in Jiangsu, China. Methods A total of 2,711 participants aged 20 years and older were included in the cross-sectional study. Multistage and stratified cluster random sampling was used as the sampling strategy. BMD was measured by the method of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected through questionnaires/interview. BMD values at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, total hip, and greater trochanter were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate the characteristics of urban and rural participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the factors that may be associated with osteoporosis in urban and rural populations. Results Of these participants, 1,540 (50.49%) were females and 1,363 (42.14%) were from urban. The prevalence of osteoporosis in urban and rural populations was 5.52% and 10.33%, respectively. In terms of gender, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 2.68% in males and 13.82% in females. For menopausal status, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 30.34% in postmenopausal females and 4.78% in premenopausal females. In urban populations, older age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.36, 95%CI, 2.35–2.36), hypertension (AOR = 1.37, 95%CI, 1.36–1.37), unmarried (AOR = 4.04, 95%CI, 3.99–4.09), smoking everyday (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI, 2.23–2.28), family history of osteoporosis (AOR = 1.66, 95%CI, 1.65–1.67), dyslipidemia (AOR = 1.05, 95%CI, 1.04–1.05), and higher β-crosslaps (β-CTX) level (AOR = 1.02, 95%CI, 1.02–1.02) were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, while males (AOR = 0.04, 95%CI, 0.04–0.04), higher education level (AOR = 0.95, 95%CI, 0.95–0.95), and aquatic product intake (AOR = 0.99, 95%CI, 0.99–0.99) were related to decreased risk of osteoporosis. Similar results were also observed in rural populations, and (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis in rural populations was higher than that in urban populations, and the factors associated with the risk of osteoporosis were similar in urban and rural populations. 

https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12891-023-06147-w

Differences in the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in chinese urban and rural regions: a cross-sectional study

This review aimed at portraying a nuanced picture of the trajectory of teacher well-being research during 54 years from 1968 to 2021. This review used descriptive quantitative analysis with a dataset of 774 journal articles. The developmental trend demonstrates a considerable change in the volume of publications conducted during the most recent 14 years. Findings of the current review identify that research foci have covered the antecedents, nature, and effects of teacher well-being in a descending manner. Quantitative methods were observed as the most frequently used method in research studies. Moreover, the use of qualitative and mixed research methods increased in recent times. However, due to the considerable absence of mixed methods, longitudinal, and experimental research designs in this review’s corpus, our interpretation has been restricted to the ways in which teacher well-being can affect as well as be affected by associated constructs. Research on teacher well-being positions itself at the intermediate stage focusing on fusion relations combining new and recognized structures and adopting qualitative as well as quantitative practices. This review supports the evolution of the teacher well-being literature and poses recommendations for future research. 

/pdf/a-scope-review-of-the-teacher-well-being-research-between-3s062rej.pdf

Xinlin Li

Papers

Mesoscale visualization of three-dimensional microvascular architecture and immunocyte distribution in intact mouse liver lobes

What is the function of color for architecture to establish connection with Geography and Humanities?

Melittin‐Carrying Nanoparticle Suppress T Cell‐Driven Immunity in a Murine Allergic Dermatitis Model

Differences in the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in chinese urban and rural regions: a cross-sectional study

A Scope Review of the Teacher Well-being Research Between 1968 and 2021