Inhibitory effects of methyl thujate on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms

Consumers highly appreciate table grapes for their pleasant sensory attributes and as good sources of nutritional and functional compounds. This explains the rising market and global interest in this product. Along with other fruits and vegetables, table grapes are considerably perishable post-harvest due to the growth of undesired microorganisms. Among the microbial spoilers, Botrytis cinerea represents a model organism because of its degrading potential and the huge economic losses caused by its infection. The present review provides an overview of the recent primary physical, chemical, and biological control treatments adopted against the development of B. cinerea in table grapes to extend shelf life. These treatments preserve product quality and safety. This article also focuses on the compliance of different approaches with organic and sustainable production processes. Tailored approaches include those that rely on controlled atmosphere and the application of edible coating and packaging, as well as microbial-based activities. These strategies, applied alone or in combination, are among the most promising solutions in order to prolong table grape quality during cold storage. In general, the innovative design of applications dealing with hurdle technologies holds great promise for future improvements.

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/9/1138/pdf

Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest.

Fulvic acid-induced disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea in table grapes may be mediated by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Antifungal effects of hinokitiol on development of Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in vivo

The esterified fraction of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) peel extract showed strong antifungal activity on Alternaria alternata. p-Coumaric acid (pCA) was found to be the most predominant individual phenolic acid that was correlated highly with the antifungal activity of the esterified fraction. Thus, effects of postharvest treatments with pCA and its simplest esterified derivative methyl p-coumarate (MeCA) against black spot rot on jujube fruit caused by A. alternata were investigated. pCA and MeCA strongly suppressed in vitro growth of the fungus and significantly reduced postharvest Alternaria rot on fresh jujubes. Biochemical and transcriptional analysis revealed that pCA and MeCA regulated the expression of some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and their enzymatic activities, enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism, and activated the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. These results suggested that, apart from its direct antifungal activity, pCA and MeCA induced defense responses in jujube fruit against postharvest Alternaria rot.

Defense Responses, Induced by p-Coumaric Acid and Methyl p-Coumarate, of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit against Black Spot Rot Caused by Alternaria alternata.

In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of phenolic compounds for the control of postharvest gray mold of table grapes

The invention belongs to the field of biopesticides and discloses a litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain and a biological agent and application thereof. The litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain is named bacillus subtilis NMB-8 and has been preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) which is located in Wuhan University in Wuhan, China on Aug 19, 2013 and the preservation number is CCTCC No: M2013376. The bacterial strain is from litchi endogenous bacteria and can be well colonized on the surface of a litchi fruit. The litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain can prevent peronophythora litchi effectively and has a good peronophythora litchi biocontrol function. The biogenetic derivation of the litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain is environmentally friendly and non-toxic. The litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain can be sprayed onto the surface of the litchi fruit for disease control, influence on the environment is light, and safety and reliability of litchi fruits and products processed from the litchi fruits are guaranteed. Requirements for the culturing condition of the litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain are low, and the development and application prospect is wide.

Litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain and biological agent and application thereof

The invention belongs to the field of biological pesticides, and discloses a litchi endogenetic Penicillium purpurogenum which is prepared by taking litchi endogenetic microorganisms as screening objects through separating and has a significant inhibition effect on litchi downy blight, as well as a biological preparation and an application thereof in controlling litchi downy blight. The Penicillium purpurogenum, with a Preservation Number of CCTCC NO:M2013738, is named 'Penicillium purpurogenum' GY-19, preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on December 31, 2013 at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The strain is from litchi endogenetic fungi, can be colonized on the surfaces of litchi fruits well, and has a strong inhibition effect on litchi downy blight, therefore, the Penicillium purpurogenum has an excellent biocontrol effect on controlling litchi downy blight; and the Penicillium purpurogenum is environment-friendly and non-toxic in biogenetic derivation and low in culture conditions, and has a small influence on the ecological environment, therefore, the Penicillium purpurogenum has an extremely good development prospect.

Penicillium purpurogenum as well as biological preparation and application thereof in controlling litchi downy blight

The invention discloses application of pterostilbene to prevention and treatment of botrytis cinerea and peronophythora litchii, provides application of pterostilbene or a solution thereof to inhibition of peronophythora litchii and also provides application of pterostilbene or a solution thereof to prevention and treatment of peronophythora litchii. Experiments show that pterostilbene can be used for preventing and treating botrytis cinerea and peronophythora litchii of harvested grapes and litchis; and pterostilbene can be separately used, can also be combined with other antibacterial agents for improving the antibacterial effect or reducing the toxic and side effects, is green and safe, is beneficial to human health, meets the food safety requirements and achieves the effects of preventing and treating botrytis cinerea and peronophythora litchi and retaining freshness of fruits.

Application of pterostilbene to prevention and treatment of botrytis cinerea and peronophythora litchii

The invention belongs to the technical field of bioengineering and discloses a convenient method for extracting oospores of Peronophythora litchi from a solid culture medium. The convenient method includes covering a nylon film on the surface of the solid culture medium, inoculating the Peronophythora litchi on the surface of the nylon film, and tearing the film after culture according to a conventional method so as to obtain the oospores of the Peronophythora litchi from the solid culture medium. The convenient method for extracting the oospores of the Peronophythora litchi from the solid culture medium has the advantages that the nylon film is covered on the surface of the solid culture medium, then the Peronophythora litchi is inoculated for culture, hyphae grow on the surface of the nylon film basically, a small quantity of hyphae grow on the surface of the culture medium by penetrating through the film, colonies on the surface of the culture medium grow well and contain a great number of oospores, and separation of the hyphae from the oospores of the Peronophythora litchi is achieved basically through tearing the film, so that a great number of pure oospores of the Peronophythora litchi are obtained from the solid culture medium. The convenient method for extracting the oospores of the Peronophythora litchi is capable of obtaining a great number of pure vital oospores, so that the possibility of developing oospore research is increased greatly.

Xu Dandan

Papers

In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of phenolic compounds for the control of postharvest gray mold of table grapes

Litchi endogenous bacillus subtilis strain and biological agent and application thereof

Penicillium purpurogenum as well as biological preparation and application thereof in controlling litchi downy blight

Application of pterostilbene to prevention and treatment of botrytis cinerea and peronophythora litchii

Convenient method for extracting oospores of Peronophythora litchi from solid culture medium