Recent development in the treatment of oily sludge from petroleum industry: A review

Oil recovery from refinery oily sludge via ultrasound and freeze/thaw

Petroleum industry produces one of the popular hazardous waste known as Petroleum Sludge. The treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge has created a major challenge in recent years. This review provides insights into various approaches involved in the treatment, and disposal of petroleum sludge. Various methods used in the treatment and disposal of petroleum sludge such as incineration, stabilization/solidification, oxidation, and bio-degradation are explained fully and other techniques utilized in oil recovery from petroleum sludge such as solvent extraction, centrifugation, surfactant EOR, freeze/thaw, pyrolysis, microwave irradiation, electro-kinetic method, ultrasonic irradiation and froth flotation were discussed. The pros and cons of these methods were critically considered and a recommendation for economically useful alternatives to disposal of this unfriendly material was presented.

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Petroleum sludge treatment and disposal: A review

The exploration and production of crude oil are often accompanied by water in oil emulsion (W/O) formation that can pose serious problems for downstream refinery industries. Chemical demulsification and electrostatic separation are two major techniques that are commonly used to overcome the problems associated with the formation of W/O emulsions. In this study, nano-technology was employed to facilitate the demulsification process and titania was chosen as a case study. A wide variety of nano-titania particles were synthesized by sol–gel method. The prepared samples were dispersed in a conventional chemical demulsifier to verify whether it can improve the separation process. The prepared nano-titania particles were analyzed by particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), bottle test, electrostatic test, and standard IP77 method. The results specified the sample with the highest water separation performance and obviously revealed that it would effectively increase the demulsification efficiency to a value greater than 90% and it would also decrease the settling time required for efficient separation.

Efficient demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion by a novel nano-titania modified chemical demulsifier

Current knowledge and potential applications of cavitation technologies for the petroleum industry

The ultrasonic irradiation for crude oil pretreatment to enhance desalting process was investigated. The intensity and irradiation time of ultrasound were studied. The settling time and the temperature of treatment for crude oil were also studied. Micrographs in this paper showed that the sizes of water drops were enlarged by more than 30% after the proper ultrasonic irradiation. The crude oil was pretreated for 5 min at 80 °C in the standing-wave field with frequency of 10 kHz and with ultrasonic intensity of 0.38 W cm −2 . After the pretreatment, the dewatering rate and desalting rate were up to 92.6% and 87.9%, respectively in 90 min of settling time. The resulting final salt content of 3.85 mg L −1 is acceptable for refinery.

Xuan Shen

Papers

Application of ultrasound on crude oil pretreatment

Pretreatment of Crude Oil by Ultrasonic-electric United Desalting and Dewatering

Desalting and dewatering of crude oil in ultrasonic standing wave field