Richness, endemism and conservation of Colombian mammals. We update the list of Colombian mammal species based upon a new revision of specimens in the major collections within and outside the country and a compilation of recent taxonomic changes of species present in the country. The result of these changes is a total of 492 native species, which represents a net increment of 62 species with respect to the previous list published in the year 2000, and this exceeds similar updates in other Neotropical countries. Although the level of knowledge differs greatly between groups, we provide some general indicators, as diversity on the level of orders, endemism, patterns of distribution, and conservation state. The greatest species richness occurs in the orders Chiroptera (198 spp.) and Rodentia (122 spp.), but there are 23 endemic species of rodents in contrast to only seven endemic bats. According to the nature and scale of the evaluations, between 39 (MAVDT) and 52 (IUCN) species of Colombian mammals are considered to be endangered. The major threats are still deforesta- tion, hunting and illegal commerce.

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:379681/UQ379681_OA.pdf

Riqueza, endemismo y conservación de los mamíferos de Colombia

Tourism and sustainability.

Biogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri): South-central Amazon origin and rapid pan-Amazonian diversification of a lowland primate

Unless sustainable development becomes much more prevalent in tropical forests, appreciable areas of unprotected tropical forests will not survive far into the twenty-first century. Sustainable tropical forestry must integrate forest conservation and economic development. Key ecological factors discussed here include: reproduction, natural regeneration, growth, ecosystem functions, and biodiversity conservation. Four models of sustainable tropical forestry are described: 1) Industrial timber production based on the PORTICO company in Costa Rica that owns and manages its production forests and makes a substantive investment in research. 2) Community-based timber production using the Yanesha Forestry Cooperative in the Peruvian Amazon as an example of local empowerment over the protection and use of forests. This Coop has a local processing facility that enables most of the timber to be marketed, and it uses an innovative strip-cut management system that promotes excellent natural regeneration of native tree species. 3) Community-based production of nontimber forest products depends on local rights of access or tenure to tropical forests. However, more information is needed on harvestable levels and management techniques as local preferences move from subsistence uses to commercial production. 4) Locally controlled nature tourism is touted as the most benign use of tropical forests, but local communities receive minimal economic returns and have little say in prioritizing development objectives.

Ecological basis for sustainable development in tropical forests : Sustainability issues

The current taxonomy of the New World primates (Platyrrhini) indicates c. 152 species (i.e. 204 species and subspecies) in 20 genera and four or five families. For various reasons, the number of taxa has increased considerably in the last 30 years; the adoption of the phylogenetic species concept, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies, and the discovery of 31 new species and subspecies, among them. Here, we provide a summary of some of the key changes and developments in the taxonomy of these monkeys since the International Zoo Yearbook's previous special section on New World primates in 1982 (Volume 22).

Neotropical primates: taxonomy and recently described species and subspecies

The Colombian squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus albigena), endemic to central Colombia, is classified as Near Threatened on the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Its geographic distribution is restricted to a small area of the Colombian Llanos, where there are major human impacts, involving the loss, fragmentation and degradation of its forests due particularly to agricultural conversion, and this species' persecution for the pet trade. Here we review its status, and argue that it is threatened and that it be considered as Vulnerable (VU) on future iterations of the IUCN Red List. We suggest the possibility, based on comparative studies of 1140 base pairs of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene of 38 Saimiri specimens of nine different taxa, that the Colombian taxa could be considered subspecies of Saimiri cassiquiarensis (not S. sciureus as is currently believed), all showing similar haplotypes that are different from Saimiri sciureus sciureus of the eastern Amazon. An alternative arrang...

https://bioone.org/journals/Primate-Conservation/volume-24/issue-1/052.024.0102/The-Taxonomy-and-Conservation-Status-of-iSaimiri-Sciureus-Albigena-/10.1896/052.024.0102.pdf

The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Saimiri Sciureus Albigena: A Squirrel Monkey Endemic to Colombia

ogy, A.B. Rylands (ed.), pp. 263–271. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sick, H. 1997. Famílias e espécies: ordem Columbiformes. In: Ornitologia Brasileira, J. F. Pacheco (ed.), pp. 341– 350. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro. Stevenson, M. F. and Rylands, A.B. 1988. The marmosets, genus Callithrix. In: Ecology and behavior of Neotropical primates, Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Coimbra-Filho, A. and Fonseca, G.A.B. (eds.), pp.131–222. WWF, Washington. Vilela, S. L. and Faria, D. S. 2004. Seasonality of the activity pattern of Callithrix penicillata (Primates, Callitrichidae) in the cerrado (scrub savanna vegetation). Braz. J. Biol. 64: 363–370.

Xyomara Carretero-Pinzón

Papers

The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Saimiri Sciureus Albigena: A Squirrel Monkey Endemic to Colombia

Observation of Black-Capped Capuchins (Cebus apella) Feeding on an Owl Monkey (Aotus brumbacki) in the Colombian Llanos

Primates and Flooded Forest in the Colombian Llanos