The application of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in different types of commodity thermoplastic composites (polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)) have been discussed in terms of mechanical properties, morphologies and thermal properties. In addition, engineering thermoplastics such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamides and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and their composites added with APP and other additives were analyzed as well. It was suggested that improvement of mechanical properties and morphologies of the thermoplastic composites could be made possible with appropriate amount of APP and other additives such as montmorillonite (MMT), pentaerythritol (PER) and different types of layered double hydroxide (LDH). Furthermore, thermal properties such as limiting oxygen index (LOI) values together with cone calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performance could be enhanced through optimum combination of APP, PER and melamine which functions as intumescent flame retardant (IFR).

A review of application of ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardant in thermoplastic composites

Transparent poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica/zirconia nanocomposites with excellent thermal stabilities

Nanosilica particles were directly introduced into polyester polyol resins through in situ polymerization and blending methods, then cured by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimers to obtain nanocomposite polyurethanes FTIR and TGA analyses indicated that more polyester segments had reacted with silica particles during in situ polymerization than during the blending method, accompanied by higher Tg and more homogeneous dispersion of nanosilica particles in the polymer matrix from in situ polymerization Maximum values in Tg, tensile properties, macrohardness, abrasion resistance, and UV absorbance were obtained when the particle size of silica was about 28 nm The polyurethane/nanosilica composites obtained by in situ polymerization generally had better mechanical properties than those by the blending method except for some unexpected macrohardness at relatively high silica content © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1032–1039, 2005

Structure and properties of polyurethane/nanosilica composites

Y.T. Wang

Papers

Effect of the interfacial structure on the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate)–silica hybrids

Effects of inorganic components on the structure and thermo-oxidative degradation of PMMA modified metal alkoxide–EAA complex

Organic–inorganic hybrid materials: Part 9: Dynamics and stability of PMMA modified aluminum–EAA complex