https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

Secondary metabolites of fungi from marine habitats.

The scarcity of fresh water in the Mediterranean region necessitates the search for halotolerant agents of biological control of plant diseases that can be applied in arid-zone agriculture irrigated with saline water. Among 29 Trichoderma strains previously isolated from Mediterranean Psammocinia sp. sponges, the greatest number of isolates belong to the Trichoderma longibrachiatum-Hypocrea orientalis species pair (9), H. atroviridis/T. atroviride (9), and T. harzianum species complex (7), all of which are known for high mycoparasitic potential. In addition, one isolate of T. asperelloides and two putative new species, Trichoderma sp. O.Y. 14707 and O.Y. 2407, from Longibrachiatum and Strictipilosa clades, respectively, have been identified. In vitro salinity assays showed that the ability to tolerate increasing osmotic pressure (halotolerance) is a strain- or clade-specific property rather than a feature of a species. Only a few isolates were found to be sensitive to increased salinity, while others either were halotolerant or even demonstrated improved growth in increasingly saline conditions. In vitro antibiosis assays revealed strong antagonistic activity toward phytopathogens due to the production of both soluble and volatile metabolites. Two marine-derived Trichoderma isolates, identified as T. atroviride and T. asperelloides, respectively, effectively reduced Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease on beans and also induced defense responses in cucumber seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrimans. This is the first inclusive evaluation of marine fungi as potential biocontrol agents.

https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/77/15/5100.full.pdf

Marine isolates of Trichoderma spp. as potential halotolerant agents of biological control for arid-zone agriculture.

Marine fungi are a promising source of novel bioactive compounds as lead structures for medicine and plant protection. We review current analytical techniques and future perspectives of analytical methodologies from the point of view of the discovery and the characterization of bioactive compounds isolated from marine fungi. This critical overview also includes a general assessment of sampling and preparation of extracts, and compares different methods used for separation and isolation, and different strategies used for structural characterization of the bioactive compounds. We also cover the evolution of the application of bioassays for discovery of bioactive compounds. Finally, this review addresses the advantages and the disadvantages of such techniques, and comments on future applications and potential research interest within this field.

Analytical techniques for discovery of bioactive compounds from marine fungi

The genus Trichoderma is comprised of many common fungi species that are distributed worldwide across many ecosystems. Trichoderma species are well-known producers of secondary metabolites with a variety of biological activities. Their potential use as biocontrol agents has been known for many years. Several reviews about metabolites from Trichoderma have been published. These reviews are based on their structural type, biological activity, or fungal origin. In this review, we summarize the secondary metabolites per Trichoderma species and elaborate on approximately 390 non-volatile compounds from 20 known species and various unidentified species.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/3/58/pdf

Non-Volatile Metabolites from Trichoderma spp.

Two new compounds from the broth of the marine fungus Penicillium griseofulvum Y19-07

Two new compounds from fermentation liquid of the marine fungus Trichoderma atroviride G20-12.

Six compounds from marine fungus Y26-02.

A novel natural product was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation liquid of the marine fungus Trichoderma atroviride G20-12. On the basis of its physico-chemical properties and spectral (mainly 1D and 2D NMR) data, the structure of the novel natural product was established as methyl 3-(3-oxocyclopent-1-enyl) propionate (1). Along with this novel natural product, five cyclic dipeptides 3-isobutylhexahydropyrrolo (1, 2-a) pyrazine-1, 4-dione (2), 3-benzyl-7-hydroxyhexahydropyrrolo (1, 2-a) pyrazine-1, 4-dione (3), 3-benzylhexahydropyrrolo (1, 2-a) pyrazine-1, 4-dione (4), 3-isobutyl-7-hydroxyhexahydropyrrolo (1, 2-a) pyrazine-1, 4-dione (5), and 3-benzyl-2, 5-piperazinedione (6), were also isolated. Compounds, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were obtained from the fermentation liquid of this fungus for the first time. Key words : marine fungus; cyclic dipeptides; chemical constituent Introduction Marine microorganisms have been proven to be rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, and numerous compounds with potent biological and unique chemical structures have been isolated

Ya-Nan Wang

Papers

Two new compounds from the broth of the marine fungus Penicillium griseofulvum Y19-07

Two new compounds from fermentation liquid of the marine fungus Trichoderma atroviride G20-12.

Six compounds from marine fungus Y26-02.

A novel natural product from the fermentation liquid of marine fungus Trichoderma atroviride G20-12