Pressure sensors for wearable electronics are mounted on irregular surfaces and exposed to various external stimuli. Therefore, the sensor should have a flexible structure and wide pressure measurement range along with high sensitivity. In this study, we fabricated hierarchically porous structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites with a simple and cost-effective method using sugar particles and a water-in-oil emulsion. Hierarchically porous PDMS composites were employed as the dielectric layers of flexible capacitive pressure sensors. The capacitive pressure sensor presents a sensitivity 22.5 times higher (0.18 kPa−1) than the sensors using bulk PDMS with a wide measurement range (0–400 kPa). The finite element analysis was implemented to analyze the non-linearity of sensors by observing the compressive behavior of the PDMS composites. For the practical applications, finger attached-sensor, respiration monitoring system, and sensor array were tested, and the proposed sensors showed sufficient potential for application in wearable electronics.

Fabrication of hierarchically porous structured PDMS composites and their application as a flexible capacitive pressure sensor

The seamless integration of emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology with traditional wearable textile materials has given birth to the next‐generation smart textiles, i.e., textile TENGs, which will play a vital role in the era of Internet of Things and artificial intelligences. However, low output power and inferior sensing ability have largely limited the development of textile TENGs. Among various approaches to improve the output and sensing performance, such as material modification, structural design, and environmental management, a 3D fabric structural scheme is a facile, efficient, controllable, and scalable strategy to increase the effective contact area for contact electrification of textile TENGs without cumbersome material processing and service area restrictions. Herein, the recent advances of the current reported textile TENGs with 3D fabric structures are comprehensively summarized and systematically analyzed in order to clarify their superiorities over 1D fiber and 2D fabric structures in terms of power output and pressure sensing. The forward‐looking integration abilities of the 3D fabrics are also discussed at the end. It is believed that the overview and analysis of textile TENGs with distinctive 3D fabric structures will contribute to the development and realization of high‐power output micro/nanowearable power sources and high‐quality self‐powered wearable sensors.

Advances in High‐Performance Autonomous Energy and Self‐Powered Sensing Textiles with Novel 3D Fabric Structures

4D printing of shape memory polymer composites: A review on fabrication techniques, applications, and future perspectives

A review of fused deposition modelling for 3D printing of smart polymeric materials and composites

A review on four-dimensional bioprinting in pursuit of advanced tissue engineering applications

The fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with flexibility, diverse structure and energy harvesting aroused widespread concern in recent years for various portable electronics. Herein, a 3D angle-interlock woven (3DAW) structural wearable TENG with high output performance was fabricated with silicone rubber coated graphene oxide/cotton composite yarn. Composite yarn acts the role of energy conversion and it was fabricated to specific 3D woven structure to further improve its electrical properties. The optimal single yarn with a diameter of 2 mm demonstrates open-circuit voltage of 30.8 V and short-circuit current of 1.1 μ A using constant loading force tapping (~10 N). The obtained 3DAW-TENG reveals the output power of 225 mW/m2 with the area of 5 cm × 7 cm, which is more outstanding compared with those of 2D plain structure and 3D double-layer plain structure. The 3DAW-TENG also successfully shows the application in charging small electronics and triggering voltage sensors. It's suggested that the 3DAW-TENG can be a potential candidate for the filed of wearables and self-powered sensors.

3D angle-interlock woven structural wearable triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated with silicone rubber coated graphene oxide/cotton composite yarn

Electrothermal shape memory behavior and recovery force of four-dimensional printed continuous carbon fiber/polylactic acid composite

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab9f4a/pdf

A flexible, high-strength, conductive shape memory composite fabric based on continuous carbon fiber/polyurethane yarn

The genetic duet of BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations predicts the poor curative effect of radioiodine therapy in papillary thyroid cancer

Context Obesity has been reported as a potential risk factor for the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but the data gathered so far are conflicting. Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and aggressiveness of PTC at the diagnosis and clinical outcome. Methods A total of 337 patients who underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy between March 2017 and May 2020 were recruited. Patients were divided into four groups: underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI≥ 30 kg/m2). Treatment and follow-up were defined according to criteria used in the 2015 ATA guidelines. Results This study included 337 patients with PTC (71.5% women, median age 45.21 ± 13.04 years). The mean BMI was 24.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2. Obese groups had a higher age than the other groups (P = 0.001). Moreover, obese patients had larger tumor sizes and higher T stage, compared to overweight, normal weight, and underweight patients (P = 0.007). After a median follow-up of 32 months, 279 patients (82.7%) had achieved an excellent response (ER) to therapy. The overall ER rates were compared between groups, and they did not differ significantly. Conclusions We demonstrated that BMI may have an additive effect on the aggressiveness of PTC, but did not have an effect on the response to therapy after high-dose RAI therapy.

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Ya Sun

Papers

3D angle-interlock woven structural wearable triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated with silicone rubber coated graphene oxide/cotton composite yarn

Electrothermal shape memory behavior and recovery force of four-dimensional printed continuous carbon fiber/polylactic acid composite

A flexible, high-strength, conductive shape memory composite fabric based on continuous carbon fiber/polyurethane yarn

The genetic duet of BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations predicts the poor curative effect of radioiodine therapy in papillary thyroid cancer

Potential Impact of Body Mass Index on the Clinical Outcome of Papillary Thyroid Cancer After High-Dose Radioactive Iodine Therapy