中国植物志/Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae

Recent developments on solid-state fermentation for production of microbial secondary metabolites: Challenges and solutions.

Structural diversity, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of natural diterpenoid alkaloids

Fungal meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites from mixed terpene-biosynthetic origins. Their intriguing chemical structural diversification and complexity, potential bioactivities, and pharmacological significance make them attractive targets in natural product chemistry, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis. This review provides a systematic overview of the isolation, chemical structural features, biological activities, and fungal biodiversity of 1585 novel meroterpenoids from 79 genera terrestrial and marine-derived fungi including macrofungi, Basidiomycetes, in 441 research papers in 2009-2019. Based on the nonterpenoid starting moiety in their biosynthesis pathway, meroterpenoids were classified into four categories (polyketide-terpenoid, indole-, shikimate-, and miscellaneous-) with polyketide-terpenoids (mainly tetraketide-) and shikimate-terpenoids as the primary source. Basidiomycota produced 37.5% of meroterpenoids, mostly shikimate-terpenoids. The genera of Ganoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys are the four dominant producers. Moreover, about 56% of meroterpenoids display various pronounced bioactivities, including cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibition, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal activities. It's exciting that several meroterpenoids including antroquinonol and 4-acetyl antroquinonol B were developed into phase II clinically used drugs. We assume that the chemical diversity and therapeutic potential of these fungal meroterpenoids will provide biologists and medicinal chemists with a large promising sustainable treasure-trove for drug discovery.

The chemistry and biology of fungal meroterpenoids (2009-2019).

A critical review on the use of DP4+ in the structural elucidation of natural products: the good, the bad and the ugly. A practical guide

Peniroquesines A–C: Sesterterpenoids Possessing a 5–6–5–6–5-Fused Pentacyclic Ring System from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14

Four new diterpenoid alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities from Aconitum taronense Fletcher et Lauener.

Two new isoprenoid epoxycyclohexenones, expanstines A–B (1–2), and two novel isoprenoid epoxycyclohexenones, expanstines C–D (3–4), featuring an unusual oxetane ring were isolated from Penicillium expansum YJ-15. Their structures were initially investigated in detail by NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, XRD and ECD experiments. Expanstines A–D were derived under UV and visible light from 5 and 6, which plausibly underwent a rare intramolecular photoene reaction and a [2 + 2] Paterno–Buchi photoaddition respectively. Both 3 and 4 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against B. subtilis, with an MIC of 0.25 μg mL−1.

Expanstines A–D: four unusual isoprenoid epoxycyclohexenones generated by Penicillium expansum YJ-15 fermentation and photopromotion

Production of a new tetracyclic triterpene sulfate metabolite sambacide by solid-state cultivated Fusarium sambucinum B10.2 using potato as substrate.

Roquefornine A, a sesterterpenoid with an unprecedented 5/6/5/5/6-membered pentacyclic system, was characterized from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14. Its structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced CD data, and DP4+ calculations. A biosynthetic pathway, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity were also discussed.

Yan Shu

Papers

Peniroquesines A–C: Sesterterpenoids Possessing a 5–6–5–6–5-Fused Pentacyclic Ring System from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14

Four new diterpenoid alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities from Aconitum taronense Fletcher et Lauener.

Expanstines A–D: four unusual isoprenoid epoxycyclohexenones generated by Penicillium expansum YJ-15 fermentation and photopromotion

Production of a new tetracyclic triterpene sulfate metabolite sambacide by solid-state cultivated Fusarium sambucinum B10.2 using potato as substrate.

Roquefornine A, a sesterterpenoid with a 5/6/5/5/6-fused ring system from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14