Conventional forms of drug administration generally rely on pills, eye drops, ointments, and intravenous solutions. Recently, a number of novel drug delivery approaches have been developed. These approaches include drug modification by chemical means, drug entrapment in small vesicles that are injected into the bloodstream, and drug entrapment within pumps or polymeric materials that are placed in desired bodily compartments (for example, the eye or beneath the skin). These techniques have already led to delivery systems that improve human health, and continued research may revolutionize the way many drugs are delivered.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/249/4976/1527.full.pdf

New methods of drug delivery.

Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres

Years of cumulative research can result in the development of a clinically useful drug, providing either a cure for a particular disease or symptomatic relief from a physiological disorder. A lead compound with a desired pharmacological activity may have associated with it undesirable side effects, characteristics that limit its bioavailability, or structural features which adversely influence its metabolism and excretion from the body. Bioisosterism represents one approach used by the medicinal chemist for the rational modification of lead compounds into safer and more clinically effective agents. The concept of bioisosterism is often considered to be qualitative and intuitive.1 The prevalence of the use of bioisosteric replacements in drug design need not be emphasized. This topic has been reviewed in previous years.2-5 The objective of this review is to provide an overview of bioisosteres that incorporates sufficient detail to enable the reader to understand the concepts being delineated. While a few popular examples of the successful use of bioisosteres have been included, the George Patani graduated with a B.Pharm. in 1992 from the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore University at Manipal, India. In 1996, he received his M.S. in Pharmaceutical Science at Rutgers University under the direction of Professor Edmond J. LaVoie. He is presently pursuing graduate studies in pharmaceutics. His current research interests are focused on drug design and controlled drug delivery.

https://www.mch.estranky.sk/file/228/1996chemrev96-3147-76_bioisosterism.pdf

Bioisosterism: A Rational Approach in Drug Design.

The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices.

This review covers recent developments in the area of particle engineering via spray drying. The last decade has seen a shift from empirical formulation efforts to an engineering approach based on a better understanding of particle formation in the spray drying process. Microparticles with nanoscale substructures can now be designed and their functionality has contributed significantly to stability and efficacy of the particulate dosage form. The review provides concepts and a theoretical framework for particle design calculations. It reviews experimental research into parameters that influence particle formation. A classification based on dimensionless numbers is presented that can be used to estimate how excipient properties in combination with process parameters influence the morphology of the engineered particles. A wide range of pharmaceutical application examples—low density particles, composite particles, microencapsulation, and glass stabilization—is discussed, with specific emphasis on the underlying particle formation mechanisms and design concepts.

/pdf/pharmaceutical-particle-engineering-via-spray-drying-1wv9pxpwlb.pdf

Pharmaceutical particle engineering via spray drying.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrokapseln mit verzögerter Wirkstoffabgabe

Composition de liposomes

Composition de cyclodextrine

A new antibiotic designated as SF-1623 substance exhibiting a useful antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria is now produced by cultivating a new strain ATCC 21999 of the known species Streptomyces chartreusis The SF-1623 substance in the form of its an alkali metal salt may be recovered from the culture when the cultivation is effected under aerobic conditions in the presence of an alkali metal thiosulfate

Antibiotic SF-1623 substance and the production thereof

1. A polymer for a prolonged release preparation which comprises (A) a polylactic acid and (B) a copolymer of glycolic acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid of general formula wherein R stands for an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbons, and wherein the weight ratio of (A) and (B) is in the range of 10/90 to 90/10. The drug is released at a constant rate from the preparation over the total release period without a large burst at the initial stage. Furthermore, the drug release period of the preparation can be freely controlled by varying the blending ratio of (A) and (B).

Yasuaki Ogawa

Papers

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mikrokapseln mit verzögerter Wirkstoffabgabe

Composition de liposomes

Composition de cyclodextrine

Antibiotic SF-1623 substance and the production thereof

Prolonged release pharmaceutical preparation, polymeric composition as base for it and process for preparing thereof