THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces

Mini Mental State

Optimal transport (OT) theory can be informally described using the words of the French mathematician Gaspard Monge (1746-1818): A worker with a shovel in hand has to move a large pile of sand lying on a construction site. The goal of the worker is to erect with all that sand a target pile with a prescribed shape (for example, that of a giant sand castle). Naturally, the worker wishes to minimize her total effort, quantified for instance as the total distance or time spent carrying shovelfuls of sand. Mathematicians interested in OT cast that problem as that of comparing two probability distributions, two different piles of sand of the same volume. They consider all of the many possible ways to morph, transport or reshape the first pile into the second, and associate a "global" cost to every such transport, using the "local" consideration of how much it costs to move a grain of sand from one place to another. Recent years have witnessed the spread of OT in several fields, thanks to the emergence of approximate solvers that can scale to sizes and dimensions that are relevant to data sciences. Thanks to this newfound scalability, OT is being increasingly used to unlock various problems in imaging sciences (such as color or texture processing), computer vision and graphics (for shape manipulation) or machine learning (for regression, classification and density fitting). This short book reviews OT with a bias toward numerical methods and their applications in data sciences, and sheds lights on the theoretical properties of OT that make it particularly useful for some of these applications.

Computational Optimal Transport

Implicitly defined, continuous, differentiable signal representations parameterized by neural networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm, offering many possible benefits over conventional representations. However, current network architectures for such implicit neural representations are incapable of modeling signals with fine detail, and fail to represent a signal's spatial and temporal derivatives, despite the fact that these are essential to many physical signals defined implicitly as the solution to partial differential equations. We propose to leverage periodic activation functions for implicit neural representations and demonstrate that these networks, dubbed sinusoidal representation networks or Sirens, are ideally suited for representing complex natural signals and their derivatives. We analyze Siren activation statistics to propose a principled initialization scheme and demonstrate the representation of images, wavefields, video, sound, and their derivatives. Further, we show how Sirens can be leveraged to solve challenging boundary value problems, such as particular Eikonal equations (yielding signed distance functions), the Poisson equation, and the Helmholtz and wave equations. Lastly, we combine Sirens with hypernetworks to learn priors over the space of Siren functions.

Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functions

Gait analyses have recently gained attention as methods of identification of individuals at a distance from a camera. However, appearance changes due to view direction changes cause difficulties for gait recognition systems. Here, we propose a method of gait recognition from various view directions using frequency-domain features and a view transformation model. We first construct a spatio-temporal silhouette volume of a walking person and then extract frequency-domain features of the volume by Fourier analysis based on gait periodicity. Next, our view transformation model is obtained with a training set of multiple persons from multiple view directions. In a recognition phase, the model transforms gallery features into the same view direction as that of an input feature, and so the features match each other. Experiments involving gait recognition from 24 view directions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Gait recognition using a view transformation model in the frequency domain

This paper describes the world's largest gait database-the “OU-ISIR Gait Database, Large Population Dataset”-and its application to a statistically reliable performance evaluation of vision-based gait recognition Whereas existing gait databases include at most 185 subjects, we construct a larger gait database that includes 4007 subjects (2135 males and 1872 females) with ages ranging from 1 to 94 years The dataset allows us to determine statistically significant performance differences between currently proposed gait features In addition, the dependences of gait-recognition performance on gender and age group are investigated and the results provide several novel insights, such as the gradual change in recognition performance with human growth

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The OU-ISIR Gait Database Comprising the Large Population Dataset and Performance Evaluation of Gait Recognition

This paper proposes a method of gait recognition using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Inspired by the great successes of CNNs in image recognition tasks, we feed in the most prevalent image-based gait representation, that is, the gait energy image (GEI), as an input to a CNN designed for gait recognition called GEINet. More specifically, GEINet is composed of two sequential triplets of convolution, pooling, and normalization layers, and two subsequent fully connected layers, which output a set of similarities to individual training subjects. We conducted experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of cross-view gait recognition in both cooperative and uncooperative settings using the OU-ISIR large population dataset. As a result, we confirmed that the proposed method significantly outperformed state-of-the-art approaches, in particular in verification scenarios.

GEINet: View-invariant gait recognition using a convolutional neural network

This paper describes an interactive vision system for a robot that finds an object specified by a user and brings it to the user. The system first registers object models automatically. When the user specifies an object, the system tries to recognize the object automatically. When the recognition result is shown to the user, the user may provide additional information via speech such as pointing out mistakes, choosing the correct object from multiple candidates, or giving the relative position of the object. Based on the advice, the system tries again to recognize the object. Experiments are described using real-world refrigerator scenes.

/pdf/object-recognition-supported-by-user-interaction-for-service-4g08q1hhtc.pdf

Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots

This paper describes the world’s largest gait database with wide view variation, the “OU-ISIR gait database, multi-view large population dataset (OU-MVLP)”, and its application to a statistically reliable performance evaluation of vision-based cross-view gait recognition. Specifically, we construct a gait dataset that includes 10,307 subjects (5114 males and 5193 females) from 14 view angles ranging 0° −90°, 180° −270°. In addition, we evaluate various approaches to gait recognition which are robust against view angles. By using our dataset, we can fully exploit a state-of-the-art method requiring a large number of training samples, e.g., CNN-based cross-view gait recognition method, and we validate effectiveness of such a family of the methods.

/pdf/multi-view-large-population-gait-dataset-and-its-performance-1l00ylsahj.pdf

Yasushi Makihara

Papers

Gait recognition using a view transformation model in the frequency domain

The OU-ISIR Gait Database Comprising the Large Population Dataset and Performance Evaluation of Gait Recognition

GEINet: View-invariant gait recognition using a convolutional neural network

Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots

Multi-view large population gait dataset and its performance evaluation for cross-view gait recognition