Understanding the structure–function relationship of cells and organelles in their natural context requires multidimensional imaging. As techniques for multimodal 3-D imaging have become more accessible, effective processing, visualization, and analysis of large datasets are posing a bottleneck for the workflow. Here, we present a new software package for high-performance segmentation and image processing of multidimensional datasets that improves and facilitates the full utilization and quantitative analysis of acquired data, which is freely available from a dedicated website. The open-source environment enables modification and insertion of new plug-ins to customize the program for specific needs. We provide practical examples of program features used for processing, segmentation and analysis of light and electron microscopy datasets, and detailed tutorials to enable users to rapidly and thoroughly learn how to use the program.

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Microscopy Image Browser: A Platform for Segmentation and Analysis of Multidimensional Datasets.

This work recounts the research on capturing real-life scenes, calculating appearances, and rendering sensations on film and other limited dynamic-range media. It describes the first pat- ents, a hardware display used in Land's Ives Medal Address in 1968, the first computer simulations using 20 324 pixel arrays, psy- chophysical experiments and computational models of color con- stancy and dynamic range compression, and the Frankle-McCann computationally efficient retinex image processing of 512 3512 im- ages. It includes several modifications of the original approach, in- cluding recent models of human vision and gamut-mapping applica- tions. This work emphasizes the need for parallel studies of psychophysical measurements of human vision and computational algorithms used in commercial imaging systems. © 2004 SPIE and IS&T. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1635831)

Capturing a black cat in shade: past and present of Retinex color appearance models

Previous research has not fully examined the effect of additional sensory feedback, particularly delivered through the haptic modality, in pointing task performance with visual distractions. This study examined the effect of haptic feedback and visual distraction on pointing task performance in a 3D virtual environment. Results indicate a strong positive effect of haptic feedback on performance in terms of task time and root mean square error of motion. Level of similarity between distractor objects and the target object significantly reduced performance, and subjective ratings indicated a sense of increased task difficulty as similarity increased. Participants produced the best performance in trials where distractor objects had a different color but the same shape as the target object and constant haptic assistive feedback was provided. Overall, this study provides insight toward the effect of object features and similarity and the effect of haptic feedback on pointing task performance.

The Effects of Haptic Feedback and Visual Distraction on Pointing Task Performance

Toothguide Trainer tests with color vision deficiency simulation monitor

As a part of the Symposium 'Retinex at 40', this paper recounts the research on capturing real-life scenes, calculating appearances and rendering sensations on film, and other limited dynamic-range media. It describes: the first patents, a hardware display used in Land's Ives Medal Address in 1968, the first computer simulations using 20 by 24 pixel arrays, psychophysical experiments and computational models of color constancy and dynamic range compression and the Frankle-McCann computationally efficient Retinex image processing of 512 by 512 images. It will include several modifications of the approach including recent modifications and gamut-mapping applications. This paper emphasizes the need for parallel studies of psychophysical measurements of human vision and computational models of imaging systems.

Capturing a black cat in shade: the past and present of Retinex color appearance models

The objective of this project is to establish a practical application of the concept of Color Universal Design (CUD), the
design that is recognizable to all color vision types.
In our research, we looked for a clearly distinguishable combination of hues of four colors - black, red, green, and blue -
which are frequently used in these circumstances. Red-green confusion people do not confuse all kinds of red and all
kinds of green. By selecting particular hues for each color, the ability to distinguish between the four colors should be
greatly improved.
Our study thus concluded that, by carefully selecting hues within the range of each color category, it is possible to
establish color-combinations which are easily distinguishable to people of all color-vision types in order to facilitate
visual communication.

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Color universal design: the selection of four easily distinguishable colors for all color vision types

In this study, 34 students and teachers from a college of fine arts selected suitable colors for their artistic work on CRT displays. From the results, several fundamental colors selected by artists can be seen on CIE-xy color spaces. The results of our experiment clearly showed that the 34 subjects could be divided into three groups based on differences in the level of red light or green light in their color palette. While a few subjects usually selected a color palette, which included high red light luminance, others usually liked colors, which included high green light luminance. Many others selected colors, which included the same level of red, and green light. When we put these results together with the findings from Rayleigh matches and molecular biology they suggest that among colors recognized by normal humans there are significant variations in color matches of red and green light made by individuals. In this paper we propose three types of digital color palette. These are the circular type, which includes the same level of red and green light luminance, the spiral type, which used low red light and high green light, and the zigzag type, which used high red light and low green light. The DIGITAL COLOR PALETTE in art is currently a subject of extensive research. Of importance is that this is artistic research by artists as to why an artist chooses certain colors out of the sixteen million colors available.

Suitable digital color palette (DPC) : For individual human color vision sensitivity

Internet imaging is used as interactive visual communication It is different form other electronic imaging fields because the imaging is transported from one client to many others If you and I each had different color vision, we may see Internet Imaging differently So what do you see in a digital color dot picture such as the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates? The ishihara pseudoisochromatic test is the most widely used screening test for red-green color deficiency The full verison contains 38 plates Plates 18-21 are hidden digit designs For example, plate 20 has 45 hidden digit designs that cannot be seen by normal trichromats but can be distinguished by most color deficient observers In this study, we present a new digital color pallette This is the web accessibility palette where the same information on Internet imaging can be seen correctly by any color vision person For this study, we have measured the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test We used the new Minolta 2D- colorimeter system, CL1040i that can define all pixels in a 4cm x 4cm square to take measurements From the results, color groups of 8 to 10 colors in the Ishihara plates can be seen on isochromatic lines of CIE-xy color spaces On each plate, the form of a number is composed of 4 colors and the background colors are composed of the remaining 5 colors Normal trichromats, it is difficult to find the difference between the 4 color group which makes up the form of the number and the 5 color group of the background colors We also found that for normal trichromats, colors like orange and red that are highly salient are included in the warm color group and are distinguished form the cool color group of blue, green and gray Form the results of our analysis of the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test we suggest the web accessibility palette consists of 4 colors© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

What do you see in a digital color dot picture such as the Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates? Web Accessibility Palette (WAP)

In this study, we measure the colors used in a Japanese Animations. The result can be seen on CIE-xy color spaces. It clearly shows that the color system is not a natural appearance system but an imagined and artistic appearance system. Color constancy of human vision can tell the difference in skin and hair colors between under moonlight and day light. Human brain generates a match to the memorized color of an object from daylight viewing conditions to the color of the object in different viewing conditions. For example, Japanese people always perceive the color of the Rising Sun in the Japanese flag as red even in a different viewing condition such as under moonlight. Color images captured by a camera cannot present those human perceptions. However, Japanese colorists in Animation succeeded in painting the effects of color constancy not only under moonlight but also added the memory matching colors. They aim to create a greater impact on viewer's perceptions by using the effect of the memory matching colors. In this paper, we propose the Imagined Japanese Animation Color System. This system in art is currently a subject of research in Japan. Its importance is that it could also provide an explanation on how human brain perceives the same color under different viewing conditions.

Color constancy in Japanese animation

Artists can imagine 2 kinds of coloured scenes with no recognizable objects.One is the abstract picture such as colour Mondrian, which includes geometric pattern: rectangles, circles and crosses.Another is the decorative texture such as Japanese traditional cloud pattern which is colour camouflage pattern anddoes not include geometric pattern.We created these 2 kinds of colour dot pattern stimuli composed of 4 iso-luminance colours and the same area and anachromatic version. These functional magnetic resonance imaging stimuli reveal multiple colour-sensitive areas in humanventral occipitotemporal cortex. The results showed that area V4 is highly activated by the stimulus of the abstractpicture such as rectangle pattern and spiral but little activated by the stimulus of the decorative texture such as randomcolour dot picture and cloud pattern.We suggest V4 is activated by figures composed of colour dots with eye-like shape such as disks, crosses, gratings,spirals, and windmill-like figures, and V4 has low response to the camouflage figure in which colour dots do not includeeye-like shapes.Keywords: the human colour centre, V4, segregation, coloured picture stimulus, functional magnetic resonance imaging;Human Colour Vision, ISHIHARA pseudoisochromatic plates

Yasuyo G. Ichihara

Papers

Color universal design: the selection of four easily distinguishable colors for all color vision types

Suitable digital color palette (DPC) : For individual human color vision sensitivity

What do you see in a digital color dot picture such as the Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates? Web Accessibility Palette (WAP)

Color constancy in Japanese animation

Retinex processing from the fMRI study on V4: artistic research of colored picture using functional MRI