Carbon stocks in bamboo ecosystems worldwide: Estimates and uncertainties

A meta-analytical global comparison of aboveground biomass accumulation between tropical secondary forests and monoculture plantations

http://s430afc74937ae591.jimcontent.com/download/version/1449232492/module/8967991169/name/yuen%2B2016-FEM-360-review%20of%20allometric%20equations.pdf

Review of allometric equations for major land covers in SE Asia: Uncertainty and implications for above- and below-ground carbon estimates

Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration

Recovery process of a mountain forest after shifting cultivation in Northwestern Vietnam

Forests in Myanmar have a long history of teak (Tectona grandis Linn.) production, which can be traced back to the age of the English rule in the nineteenth century, when forests in Myanmar were categorized into those for timber production and those for other uses. Many farmers such as the Karen people, who were swidden cultivators, inhabited the forests. Therefore, the government established the “Karen Area” in the late nineteenth century, permitting swidden cultivation (shifting cultivation) for their self consumption. Short cultivation, long fallow swidden cultivation has been continued for over years in the areas. We surveyed fallow vegetation and total carbon and nitrogen after swidden cultivation by Karen people in the Bago mountain range and compared with those in natural teak forests under selective logging systems. We set circular plots m in radius at fallow stands of various ages. Trees were identified and measured by diameter at breast height (DBH). Surface soil was sampled at cm. The amounts of total carbon and nitrogen in soils varied among the plots, but no stand age dependency was observed. Grass and herb species such as Chromolaena odoratum and Thysanolaena maxima were dominant and comprised the maximum biomass in -and -year fallows. Bamboo species such as Bambusa polymorpha and Bambusa tulda rapidly recovered after grass and herb species, and the bamboo biomass in the -year fallow was nearly equivalent to that in over-year fallows. Tree species recovered to nearly the same biomass level as that of bamboos in the -year fallow, and further facilitated the increase in the above-ground biomass. Xylia xylocarpa was the most common tree species while species such as T. grandis might be excluded from the fallow vegetation cycle. On the whole, swidden cultivation with a short cultivation period of year and over -year fallows maintained sufficient fallow vegetation recovery to sustain continuous swidden cultivation in the Bago mountain range.

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Recovery Process of Fallow Vegetation in the Traditional Karen Swidden Cultivation System in the Bago Mountain Range, Myanmar ( Ecological Resource Use and Social Change in the Minority Regions of Myanmar)

The impact of selective logging on a natural teak-bearing forest was examined in the Kabaung reserve forest, Bago Division, Myanmar. The examined forest was under selective logging from to . In the area, a bamboo, Cephalostachyum pergracile, flowered in and then died back in . Thirty-seven circular plots of m radius ( ha in total) were set in the forest and tree stems (DBH cm) and bamboo clumps were enumerated in the plots. The average basal area density was m ha , and bamboo accounted for of the basal area. Trees with a DBH cm and cm were ha and ha , respectively. The plots were classified into four stand types, Tectona grandis type, Xylia xylocarpa type, Bambusa polymorpha type, and Dipterocarpus alatus type. The felling operation was conducted only in of the plots sampled and of the basal area of trees over cm DBH was removed during the logging. The percentage of extracted basal area ( -extracted) varied from to among the plots. The highest -extracted was recorded in D. alatus stands ( ), while the -extracted in the other stand types was rather smaller ( ). As a result, the impact of harvesting was minimal except in the case of D. alatus stands. Teak was most abundant in the sapling layer ( ha ). The combination of the logging operation and bamboo dieback enabled the sapling bank to accelerate height growth and to enter the pole size class, while logging or bamboo dieback alone had no significant effect. In the bamboo dieback sites with the logging operation, of tree saplings overtopped bamboo seedlings, but the value decreased to between and in non-logged stands. The combination of logging operations and bamboo flowering thus had remarkable effects on the sapling banks of tree species and enhanced recruitment of pole-size trees.

http://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/56795/1/450302.pdf

Structure and Composition of a Teak-bearing Forest under the Myanmar Selection System ( Ecological Resource Use and Social Change in the Minority Regions of Myanmar)

Yazar Minn

Papers

Recovery Process of Fallow Vegetation in the Traditional Karen Swidden Cultivation System in the Bago Mountain Range, Myanmar ( Ecological Resource Use and Social Change in the Minority Regions of Myanmar)

Structure and Composition of a Teak-bearing Forest under the Myanmar Selection System ( Ecological Resource Use and Social Change in the Minority Regions of Myanmar)