The letter and/or sound combinations that make up a human language are limited by the human's ability to pronounce tnese sounds° Therefore, the standard library search, which as a rule looks for all possible combinations of letters to find a word, is wasteful. Certain letters simply cannot be followed by certain other letters and a search for them is senseless. Following this same line of reasoning, letters very frequently occur in the combinations that are germane to the particular language. The growing amount of alphanumeric information presently being stored on magnetic tape presents increasingly difficult problems in both the number of tape reels used and the time necessary to search this mass of information in order to extract pertinent literature. At the present time most of this literature on tape utilizes the standard IBM 6-bit code to express alphanumeric symbols. ~t is entirely feasible to record standard English literature on tape -be it professional abstracts or novels -using only approximately two-thirds of the binary bits utilized to represent the same piece of written material in the conventional code. This can be accomplished by setting up, in a 9-bit code, the 400-odd letter combinations occurring most frequently. A 9-bit representation allows the programmer to set up as many as 512 symbols, thus leaving sufficient leeway to assign symbols to the most frequentlyused words, mathematical symbols, professional expressions, that are expected to be encountered in the literature to be recorded. In addition, these relatively short 9-bit symbols can be assigned to all key words that it may be necessary to look for later, thereby accelerating any future library search.

Information storage and retrieval

MPEG-7 constitutes a promising standard for the description of multimedia content. It can be expected that a lot of applications based on MPEG-7 media descriptions will be set up in the near future. Therefore, means for the adequate management of large amounts of MPEG-7-compliant media descriptions are certainly desirable. Essentially, MPEG-7 media descriptions are XML documents following media description schemes defined with a variant of XML Schema. Thus, it is reasonable to investigate current database solutions for XML documents regarding their suitability for the management of these descriptions. In this paper, we motivate and present critical requirements for the management of MPEG-7 media descriptions and the resulting consequences for XML database solutions. Along these requirements, we discuss current state-of-the-art database solutions for XML documents. The analysis and comparison unveil the limitations of current database solutions with respect to the management of MPEG-7 media descriptions and point the way to the need for a new generation of XML database solutions.

An Analysis of XML database solutions for management of MPEG-7 media descriptions

Most of the researchers have used spatio-temporal relations for retrieval in video. It's just trajectory-based or content-based retrieval. However, we seldom retrieve information referring to semantics. So, in this paper, we propose a novel approach for motion recognition from the aspect of semantic meaning. This issue can be addressed through a hierarchical model that explains how the human language interacts with human motions. And, in the experiment part, we evaluate our new approach using trajectory distance based on spatio-temporal relations to distinguish the conceptual similarity and get the satisfactory results.

Comparison between motion verbs using similarity measure for the semantic representation of moving object

Recently, the rapid increase of the available amount of multimedia information has revealed an urgent need for developing intelligent methods for understanding and managing information. There are many features such as color, shape, texture and motion for semantic information in video data. Especially, the most important semantic information is based on a trajectory which is the significant factor for event representation of objects in video. In this paper, we focus on semantic representation using topological and directional relations between non-moving and moving objects. In the experiment part, we compared retrieval results using TSR(Tangent Space Representation) with those using rules represented by the proposed model. We extend queries and motion verbs in a specific domain (not general verbs) and apply the proposed method to an automatic annotation or narration system.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-540-79860-6_20.pdf

Trajectory Annotation and Retrieval Based on Semantics

During the last decade, the emerging technology for video retrieval is mainly based on the content. However, semantic-based video retrieval has become more and more necessary for the humans especially the naive users who can only use the human language during retrieval. In this paper, we focus on semantic representation using topological and directional relations between non-moving and moving objects for security using CCTV(closed-circuit Television). In this paper, we propose new spatio-temporal relation to extend previous work using topological and directional relations and investigate spatiotemporal predicates which propose our models. In the experiment part, we compared retrieval results using TSR(Tangent Space Representation) with those using rules represented by the proposed model.

/pdf/extended-spatio-temporal-relations-between-moving-and-non-1q2s0g5il8.pdf

Extended spatio-temporal relations between moving and non-moving objects

In multimedia database applications, it is necessary to retrieve multimedia documents to satisfy a user's query based on image content. For this, we represent an image as a set of icon objects, and then do indexing by regarding the icon object as a representative of a given document. When users request content-based image retrieval, we convert a query image into a set of icon objects and retrieve relevant images in the multimedia database. In this paper, we propose new spatial-match iconic image representation schemes supporting ranking, called SRC scheme using MBC(Minimum Bounding Circle) and SRR scheme using MBR(Minimum Bounding Rectangle). Because our SRC and SRR schemes combine directional operators with positional operators, they can represent spatial relationships between icon objects precisely and can provide ranking for the retrieved images.

Spatial-Match Iconic Image Retrieval with Ranking in Multimedia Databases

In this paper, we design an XML document retrieval system for a digital museum It can support unified retrieval on XML documents based on both document structure and image content To achieve it, we perform the indexing of XML documents describing Korean porcelains used for a digital museum, based on not only their basic unit of element but also their image color and shape features In addition, we provide index structures for the unified retrieval based on both document structure and image content Finally, we implement our XML document retrieval system designed for a digital museum and analyze its performance in terms of insert time and retrieval time for simple queries and composite queries

XML document retrieval system based on document structure and image content for digital museum

In order to support content based iconic image retrieval efficiently, we propose a new spatial match representation scheme, called SR scheme, which combines directional operators with positional operators. Therefore, our scheme can represent spatial relationships between icon objects precisely, and can provide ranking for the retrieved images. In addition, we compare our scheme with the conventional 9DLT and SMR schemes in terms of retrieval effectiveness. Finally, we show from our experiments that our SR scheme holds about 7% higher recall and about 20% higher precision, compared with the 9DLT and the SMR.

SR scheme: spatial-match iconic image representation

In this paper, we design an XML document retrieval system used for a digital museum. The system can retrieve XML documents based on both document structure and content. In order to support retrieval based on document structure, we perform the indexing of XML documents based on their basic unit of elements. For supporting retrieval based on content, we design a high-dimensional index structure using the CBF [1] method. Finally, we provide a similarity measure for retrieval on a composite query, based on both document structure and content.

Yeon-Jung Kim

Papers

Spatial-Match Iconic Image Retrieval with Ranking in Multimedia Databases

XML document retrieval system based on document structure and image content for digital museum

SR scheme: spatial-match iconic image representation

XML document retrieval for digital museum