Enthalpy of formation of LiNiO2, LiCoO2 and their solid solution, LiNi1−xCoxO2

Preparation of CuO thin films by decomposition of self-assembled multibilayer films as a molecular template was investigated. Furthermore, the CO2 sensing property of the resultant CuO thin films on a porous BaTiO3 was investigated as a capacitive type sensor. Self-assembled bilayer films of a few 1000 layers thickness can be readily obtained by casting an aqueous suspension composed of dimethyldihexadecylammoniun bromide (DC1–16), Cu(CH3CO2)2 , hexadecylethylenediamine and poly(vinyl alcohol). Divalent copper ions (Cu2+) which are associated with two hexadecylethylenediamine molecules were arranged in the hydrophobic layer of the multibilayer film. Rapid heating to the combustion temperature of DC1–16 was desirable for removing organic molecules in the multibilayer template. Thin films of CuO can be obtained by calcination at temperatures higher than 573 K. The resultant CuO thin films were porous and consisted of fine particles. The capacitance of CuO thin films prepared from self-assembled multibilayer films as a molecular template on the BaTiO3 porous substrate exhibited a high sensitivity to CO2 , which is twice that of a conventional mixed oxide capacitor of CuO–BaTiO3 . The capacitance of CuO thin films on BaTiO3 increases with increasing CO2 concentration in the range from 100 ppm to 50% at 873 K. Consequently, it is concluded that CuO thin films on BaTiO3 were appropriate capacitive type CO2 sensors.

Preparation of CuO thin films on porous BaTiO3 by self-assembled multibilayer film formation and application as a CO2 sensor

The development of potentiometric sensors for monitoring environmental gases has become a well-established direction in sensor technology. Various types of potentiometric sensors employing solid electrolytes for in situ measurements of such gases as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons are reviewed. Particular concern was given to the CO2 potentiometric sensor which is an example of successful commercial application. The construction details, working mechanism, and performance of different types of potentiometric gas sensors are given. Special emphasis is given for the mixed-potential electrodes, which seems to be the principal direction for the future research and development of the sensor science and technology. Additionally, the future use of potentiometric sensors for the detection of other environmental gases is discussed.

Solid-state potentiometric gas sensors—current status and future trends

Materials synthesis often provides opportunities for innovation. We demonstrate a general low-temperature (260°C) molten salt electrodeposition approach to directly electroplate the important lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cathode materials LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and Al-doped LiCoO2. The crystallinities and electrochemical capacities of the electroplated oxides are comparable to those of the powders synthesized at much higher temperatures (700° to 1000°C). This new growth method significantly broadens the scope of battery form factors and functionalities, enabling a variety of highly desirable battery properties, including high energy, high power, and unprecedented electrode flexibility.

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Electroplating lithium transition metal oxides

This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (EEC-9523358) with matching support from the State of Ohio and an Industrial Consortium.

Potentiometric CO2 gas sensor with lithium phosphorous oxynitride electrolyte

A solid-state electrochemical cell of the type Pt/LiCoO{sub 2}-5 mole percent (m/o) Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}/Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3} (+5 m/o Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} + 6 m/o LiAlO{sub 2})/Au, CO{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, was composed for determining CO{sub 2} concentration, where Li{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, a lithium ion conductor, is an electrolyte, and LiCoO{sub 2}-Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} is used as the solid reference electrode. Electromotive force (EMF) of the cell depended logarithmically on the CO{sub 2} partial pressure in CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2} gas mixtures at temperatures between 350 and 400 C. EMF reached a constant value within 1 min after the change of CO{sub 2} partial pressure at 400 C. The sensitivity to CO{sub 2} of this cell was not affected by coexistence of water vapor. The sensor worked stably during a test period of 30 days. The sensing mechanism of CO{sub 2} was discussed together with an explanation to the stability of this sensor.

Solid‐State CO 2 Sensor with Li2 CO 3 ‐ Li3 PO 4 ‐ LiAlO2 Electrolyte and LiCoO2 ‐ Co3 O 4 as Solid Reference Electrode

Solid-state electrochemical CO2 sensor by coupling lithium ion conductor (Li2CO3-Li3PO4-Asl2O3) with oxide ion-electron mixed conductor (La0.9Sr0.1MnO3)

In-Situ Construction of High-Temperature-Resistant 3d Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Towards High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

The removal of rare earth elements in mineral processing wastewater is highly desirable but still challenging. In this study, three bimetallic Prussian blue analogues (PBA) and six corresponding oxides are prepared by co-precipitation and calcination methods, and then utilized to adsorb aqueous Yb(III) solution. The results of XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS indicate the successful synthesis of all the adsorbents. Among them, three PBA-oxide samples (PBO-800) exhibit the superior adsorption capacities (˃250 mg/g). The adsorption processes of Yb(III) are in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, simultaneously showing the spontaneous and endothermic thermodynamics. Moreover, PBO-800 can be reused after alkaline solution regeneration with less than 10% degradation after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. More importantly, PBO-800 exhibits the impressive separation selectivity of Yb(III) and most light rare earth ions (e.g., 5.51 of Yb/La, 4.03 of Yb/Pr), as well as the selectivity of Yb(III) and alkali metal ions (e.g., 300.5 of Yb/Na, 256.2 of Yb/Ca). According to the characterization analysis and DFT calculation, the adsorption mechanism of Yb(III) by PBO-800 is mainly attributed to the strong interaction between the abundant active-oxygen sites and Yb(III), and the significant electrostatic attraction.

Yi Can Zhang

Papers

Solid‐State CO 2 Sensor with Li2 CO 3 ‐ Li3 PO 4 ‐ LiAlO2 Electrolyte and LiCoO2 ‐ Co3 O 4 as Solid Reference Electrode

Solid-state electrochemical CO2 sensor by coupling lithium ion conductor (Li2CO3-Li3PO4-Asl2O3) with oxide ion-electron mixed conductor (La0.9Sr0.1MnO3)

In-Situ Construction of High-Temperature-Resistant 3d Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Towards High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Tailoring abundant active-oxygen sites of Prussian blue analogues-derived adsorbents for highly efficient Yb(III) capture.

Construction of Novel Nitrogen-Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient La(Iii) Adsorption