Li−O2 Batteries Jun Lu,† Li Li,‡ Jin-Bum Park, Yang-Kook Sun,* Feng Wu,*,‡ and Khalil Amine*,†,∥ †Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States ‡Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Aprotic and Aqueous Li–O2 Batteries

Li–air(O2) and Li–S batteries have gained much attention recently and most relevant research has aimed to improve the electrochemical performance of air(O2) or sulfur cathode materials. However, many technical problems associated with the Li metal anode have yet to be overcome. This review mainly focuses on the electrochemical behaviors and technical issues related to metallic Li anode materials as well as other metallic anode materials such as alkali (Na) and alkaline earth (Mg) metals, including Zn and Al when these metal anodes were employed for various types of secondary batteries.

Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries.

In the last few decades, there are some exciting developments in the ﬁeld of lithium (Li)-ion batteries from small portable devices to large power system such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the maximum energy density of lithium-ion batteries is insufﬁcient for the extended range of EVs propulsion. On the other hand, metal-air batteries have a greater power storage capacity, a few times more than the best performing lithium-ion batteries. Mechanically rechargeable zinc (Zn)-, magnesium (Mg)-, and aluminum (Al)-air batteries are receiving increasing attention, due to the advantages of using safe, low cost and abundant materials. If successfully developed, these batteries could provide an energy source for EVs comparing that of gasoline in terms of usable energy density. Nevertheless, there are still numerous scientiﬁc and technical challenges that must be overcome, if this alluring promise can be turned into reality. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances and challenges of metal air batteries from various elements, including air cathode, electrolyte, and anode. In addition, this review outlines the fundamental principles and understanding of the electrochemical reactions in the areas of lithium-air batteries. Finally, a summary of future research directions in the ﬁeld of the metal-air batteries is provided.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.062310jes/pdf

High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review

Metal–air batteries are important power sources for electronics and vehicles because of their remarkable high theoretical energy density and low cost. In this paper, we introduce the fundamental principles and applications of Mg–air batteries. Recent progress in Mg or Mg alloys as anode materials and typical classes of air cathode catalysts for Mg–air batteries are reviewed. In the meantime, different compositions of the electrolyte are also compared. The design of electrode materials both for anodes and cathodes of Mg–air batteries is discussed for further performance improvement. It is noted that in the development of rechargeable Mg–air batteries, bi-functional catalysts with reversible oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are facing challenges and it is worthwhile devoting much effort to this.

Yibin Ma

Papers

Performance of Mg–14Li–1Al–0.1Ce as anode for Mg-air battery

Characteristics and corrosion studies of vanadate conversion coating formed on Mg–14 wt%Li–1 wt%Al–0.1 wt%Ce alloy

A two-step surface treatment, combining fluoride pretreatment and anodic electrophoresis deposition of waterborne acrylic resin, for Mg–Li–Al–Ce alloy