COVID-19 and thrombosis: From bench to bedside.

Amidst the exponentially growing world economy, textile industries are referred to as one of the largest contributors to the economic growth and also the biggest pollution causing production sector. The conventional methodologies for waste effluent treatment involves huge energy, time, infrastructure, material, land, manpower, and capital consumption. The presented report consists of a detailed assessment of literature review depicting the classical processes and technological innovations in the latest few decades for the degradation and abatement of dyes and other pollutants from textile waste-effluents with a proposal of a novel economic and eco-friendly cutting-edge technology. Extensive literature review on photocatalytic degradation reveals that homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis could be developed as a true sustainable technology where the later one is complemented as more accomplishing in fruitful degradation of organic pollutants. But long degradation time and low degree of removal efficiencies are still major challenges to the scientific community for providing a viable treatment process. In this circumstance, hybrid process development employing pre-clarifying stage of flocculation; degradation of waste effluent employing integrated adsorbent supported photocatalyst with a membrane integrated catalyst recovery, could be the best possible solution for sustainable treatment of liquid industrial waste effluent. Final stage membrane filtration can separate out the spent catalyst along with the discharge of reusable clean water. Such a comprehensive review is expected to initiate influential policies among the research community to combat the widespread risk of reluctant treatment practices of toxic organic pollutants generated from textile industrial houses.

A review on the treatment of textile industry waste effluents towards the development of efficient mitigation strategy: An integrated system design approach

A review on catalytic-enzyme degradation of toxic environmental pollutants: Microbial enzymes.

Plastic pollution is a growing environmental problem, in part due to the extremely stable and durable nature of this polymer. As recycling does not provide a complete solution, research has been focusing on alternative ways of degrading plastic. Fungi provide a wide array of enzymes specialized in the degradation of recalcitrant substances and are very promising candidates in the field of plastic degradation. This review examines the present literature for different fungal enzymes involved in plastic degradation, describing their characteristics, efficacy and biotechnological applications. Fungal laccases and peroxidases, generally used by fungi to degrade lignin, show good results in degrading polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), while esterases such as cutinases and lipases were successfully used to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PUR). Good results were also obtained on PUR by fungal proteases and ureases. All these enzymes were isolated from many different fungi, from both Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, and have shown remarkable efficiency in plastic biodegradation under laboratory conditions. Therefore, future research should focus on the interactions between the genes, proteins, metabolites and environmental conditions involved in the processes. Further steps such as the improvement in catalytic efficiency and genetic engineering could lead these enzymes to become biotechnological applications in the field of plastic degradation.

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Fungal Enzymes Involved in Plastics Biodegradation

Synthetic dyes degradation using lignolytic enzymes produced from Halopiger aswanensis strain ABC_IITR by Solid State Fermentation.

Ligninolytic enzymes, including laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP), have attracted much attention in the degradation of contaminants. Genes of Lac (1827 bp), MnP (1134 bp) and LiP (1119 bp) were cloned from Aspergillus sp. TS-A, and the recombinant Lac (69 kDa), MnP (45 kDa) and LiP (35 kDa) were secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, with enzyme activities of 34, 135.12 and 103.13 U l-1, respectively. Dyes of different structures were treated via the recombinant ligninolytic enzymes under the optimal degradation conditions, and the result showed that the decolourization rate of Lac on Congo red (CR) in 5 s was 45.5%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and toxicity tests further proved that the ligninolytic enzymes could destroy the dyes, both those with one or more azo bonds, and the degradation products were non-toxic. Moreover, the combined ligninolytic enzymes could degrade CR more completely compared with the individual enzyme. Remarkably, besides azo dyes, ligninolytic enzymes could also degrade triphenylmethane and anthracene dyes. This suggests that ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. TS-A have the potential for application in the treatment of contaminants.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.200688

Yingtian Xiao

Papers

Degradation and detoxification of azo dyes with recombinant ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. with secretory overexpression in Pichia pastoris