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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network without the reliance of any infrastructure or central administration Energy consumption is considered as one of the major limitations in MANET, as the mobile nodes do not possess permanent power supply and have to rely on batteries, thus reducing network lifetime as batteries get exhausted very quickly as nodes move and change their positions rapidly across MANET This paper highlights the energy consumption in MANET by applying the fitness function technique to optimize the energy consumption in ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol The proposed protocol is called AOMDV with the fitness function (FF-AOMDV) The fitness function is used to find the optimal path from source node to destination node to reduce the energy consumption in multipath routing The performance of the proposed FF-AOMDV protocol has been evaluated by using network simulator version 2, where the performance was compared with AOMDV and ad hoc on demand multipath routing with life maximization (AOMR-LM) protocols, the two most popular protocols proposed in this area The comparison was evaluated based on energy consumption, throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, network lifetime and routing overhead ratio performance metrics, varying the node speed, packet size, and simulation time The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed FF-AOMDV outperformed AOMDV and AOMR-LM under majority of the network performance metrics and parameters

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using the Fitness Function

Wireless sensor networks WSNs are more widespread in diverse domains military, medical, etc. So, these networks need a high level of security. However, because of their characteristics, WSN security is, today, the source of several scientific and technical challenges. In this context, lots of work has been realized and most existing security schemes require intensive computation and memory, which are the limiting factors in WSNs. It is very hard to accumulate all requirements in a single security mechanism, as WSNs have severe resources constraints. Before elaborating any security mechanism, it is crucial to take note of all security requirements and the different attacks to which WSNs are exposed as well as the works already realized in this context. This article discusses typical constraints, security goals, threat models, and typical attacks on sensor networks and their defensive techniques or countermeasures relevant to the sensor networks, including security methods.

Securing Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Stability of antiperiodic recurrent neural networks with multiproportional delays

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the
networks needs to be prevented or handled if it occurs, as early as possible
and before reaching the victim. Dealing with DDoS attacks is difficult due to
their properties such as dynamic attack rates, various kinds of targets, big
scale of botnet, etc. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is hard to deal
with because it is difficult to distinguish legitimate traffic from malicious
traffic, especially when the traffic is coming at a different rate from
distributed sources. DDoS attack becomes more difficult to handle if it occurs
in wireless network because of the properties of ad hoc network such as dynamic
topologies, low battery life, multicast routing, frequency of updates or
network overhead, scalability, mobile agent based routing, and power aware
routing, etc. Therefore, it is better to prevent the distributed denial of
service attack rather than allowing it to occur and then taking the necessary
steps to handle it. This paper discusses various the attack mechanisms and
problems due to DDoS attack, also how MANET can be affected by these attacks. In
addition to this, a novel solution is proposed to handle DDoS attacks in mobile
ad hoc networks (MANETs).

/pdf/a-novel-solution-to-handle-ddos-attack-in-manet-4k1b6tnqaj.pdf

A Novel Solution to Handle DDOS Attack in MANET

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) consists of low power, low-cost smart devices which have limited computing resources. With a widespread growth of the applications of WSN, the security mechanisms are also be a rising big issue. A lot of real-world applications have been already deployed and many of them will be based on wireless sensor networks. These applications include geographical monitoring, medical care, manufacturing, transportation, military operations, environmental monitoring, industrial machine monitoring, and surveillance systems. This paper discusses typical constraints, security goals, threat models and typical attacks on sensor networks and their defensive techniques or countermeasures relevant to the sensor networks, including security methods. The most critical area prone to attack is nearby the base station as the data is more aggregated, that should be kept secure using a number of defensive techniques as stated.

/pdf/analysis-of-security-protocols-in-wireless-sensor-network-1ymxetxur6.pdf

Analysis of Security Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Comparison of various dispersion compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ format

The vehicular Ad Hoc Network is a very dynamic network with uncertain presence of vehicles on the road and data transmission between vehicles and road-side units. Centralizing and distribution management of this network is stimulating. The management of the vehicles’ network starts with the Cluster Head selection and regulating its stability to be Cluster Head, for the maximum time possible. The clusters thus formed are further updated by Software-Defined Network. In the update of the cluster head, the Software-Defined Network selects that vehicle as Cluster Head, which has a higher probability of selection as a Primary User for available spectrum usage. It makes the vehicle more trustworthy as no malfunctioned vehicle is selected as a Primary User. In this paper, a 2-level approach for Primary User detection in the network has been proposed. The energy of the received signal is sensed and Primary User is detected by fuzzy logic and this decision is further used as a threshold for final Primary User selection. Other parameters like network connectivity level, lane weight, average velocity, and average distance along with trustworthiness by cognitive radio sensing are used to elect the Cluster Head by the SDN. The proposed approach shows higher stability in cluster head selection as compared to state-of-the-art schemes. Primary Users are also detected with zero percent probability of false detection in the proposed method.

Accurate Cluster Head Selection Technique for Software Defined Network in 5G VANET

Gender Classification using Facial Embeddings: A Novel Approach

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes that dynamically create a wireless network among them without using any infrastructure. Nodes are free to move, independent of each other which makes routing much difficult. The routing protocols in MANET should be more dynamic so that they quickly respond to topological changes. On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol is a protocol for routing multicast and unicast traffic throughout adhoc wireless mesh networks. ODMRP creates routes on demand so they suffer from a route acquisition delay, although it helps reduce network traffic in general. In this paper simulation based experiments are performed to analyze the performance of On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol by evaluating Packet Delivery Ratio, End to End delay and average throughput. These results are compared with AODV and FSR routing protocols by varying number of nodes and mobility. The comparison shows that ODMRP for adhoc networks performs better as compared to AODV and FSR.

Yogesh Chaba

Papers

Analysis of Security Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Comparison of various dispersion compensation techniques at high bit rates using CSRZ format

Accurate Cluster Head Selection Technique for Software Defined Network in 5G VANET

Gender Classification using Facial Embeddings: A Novel Approach

Performance Evaluation of On-demand Multicasting Routing Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks