Fundamentals of the fluid mechanics

Hydrogen dissolved in metals as a result of internal and external hydrogen can affect the mechanical properties of the metals, principally through the interactions between hydrogen and material defects.
Multiple phenomena such as hydrogen dissolution, hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen redistribution and hydrogen interactions with vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries and other phase interfaces are involved in this process. Consequently, several hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanisms have been successively proposed to explain the HE phenomena, with the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion mechanism, hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism and hydrogen-enhanced strain-induced vacancies being some of the most important. Additionally, to reduce the risk of HE for engineering structural materials in service, surface treatments and microstructural optimization of the alloys have been suggested. In this review, we report on the progress of the studies on HE in metals, with a particular focus on steels. It focuses on four aspects: (1) hydrogen diffusion behavior; (2) hydrogen characterization methods; (3) HE mechanisms; and (4) the prevention of HE. The strengths and weaknesses of the current HE mechanisms and HE prevention methods are discussed, and specific research directions for further investigation of fundamental HE mechanisms and methods for preventing HE failure are identified.

Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention

Quantitative study of the corrosion evolution and stress corrosion cracking of high strength aluminum alloys in solution and thin electrolyte layer containing Cl

Effect of molybdenum content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of FeCoCrNiMox high-entropy alloys

Improving the resistance of high-strength steel to SCC in a SO2-polluted marine atmosphere through Nb and Sb microalloying

Combined effect of cathodic potential and sulfur species on calcareous deposition, hydrogen permeation, and hydrogen embrittlement of a low carbon bainite steel in artificial seawater

Crack growth behaviour of E690 steel in artificial seawater with various pH values

Interaction between hydrogen and cyclic stress and its role in fatigue damage mechanism

Effect of imidazoline inhibitor on stress corrosion cracking of P110 steel in simulated annulus environments of CO2 injection well

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) with different microstructures in simulated sea environments were studied by electrochemical measurements, electron backscattered diffraction and slow strain rate tensile tests. Heat treatments were used to obtain different microstructures. The DSSs were held at 1350 and 850 °C for 30 min and then quenched in the water. The results showed that the DSSs had a higher SCC susceptibility in simulated shallow sea environment than in the simulated deep-sea environment. Electrochemical mechanism of the SCC process was controlled by environment factors (temperature, hydrostatic pressure and dissolved oxygen content). The mechanisms of SCC changed from anodic dissolution in the simulated shallow sea environment to hydrogen embrittlement in the simulated deep-sea environment. Moreover, the quenched DSSs, especially the steel held at 850 °C, were more vulnerable to SCC than as-received steel in the simulated sea environment due to the deterioration of the microstructure.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Simulated Welding Microstructures in Simulated Sea Environment at Different Depths

Yong Li

Papers

Combined effect of cathodic potential and sulfur species on calcareous deposition, hydrogen permeation, and hydrogen embrittlement of a low carbon bainite steel in artificial seawater

Crack growth behaviour of E690 steel in artificial seawater with various pH values

Interaction between hydrogen and cyclic stress and its role in fatigue damage mechanism

Effect of imidazoline inhibitor on stress corrosion cracking of P110 steel in simulated annulus environments of CO2 injection well

Stress Corrosion Cracking of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Simulated Welding Microstructures in Simulated Sea Environment at Different Depths