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Table Of Integrals Series And Products

We study a certain random groeth model in two dimensions closely related to the one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion process. The results show that the shape fluctuations, appropriately scaled, converges in distribution to the Tracy-Widom largest eigenvalue distribution for the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble.

Shape Fluctuations and Random Matrices

The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized, such as mass connectivity, ultra-reliability, and guaranteed low latency. However, 5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond, and sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligence level and security, etc. To meet these requirements, 6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies, i.e., air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture, such as waveform design, multiple access, channel coding schemes, multi-antenna technologies, network slicing, cell-free architecture, and cloud/fog/edge computing. Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts. First, to satisfy the requirement of global coverage, 6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks, which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks, thus achieving a space-air-ground-sea integrated communication network. Second, all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density, including the sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and optical frequency bands. Third, facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks, diverse communication scenarios, large numbers of antennas, wide bandwidths, and new service requirements, 6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies. Fourth, network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks. This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects. Clearly, 6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears.

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Towards 6G wireless communication networks: vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts

In this chapter we deal with the following nonlinear fractional programming problem: 

$$P:\mathop{{\max }}\limits_{{x \in s}} q(x) = (f(x) + \alpha )/((x) + \beta )$$

where f, g: R n → R, α, β ∈ R, S ⊆ R n . To simplify things, and without restricting the generality of the problem, it is usually assumed that, g(x) + β + 0 for all x ∈ S,S is non-empty and that the objective function has a finite optimal value.

Nonlinear Fractional Programming

Space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN), as an integration of satellite systems, aerial networks, and terrestrial communications, has been becoming an emerging architecture and attracted intensive research interest during the past years. Besides bringing significant benefits for various practical services and applications, SAGIN is also facing many unprecedented challenges due to its specific characteristics, such as heterogeneity, self-organization, and time-variability. Compared to traditional ground or satellite networks, SAGIN is affected by the limited and unbalanced network resources in all three network segments, so that it is difficult to obtain the best performances for traffic delivery. Therefore, the system integration, protocol optimization, resource management, and allocation in SAGIN is of great significance. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to present the state-of-the-art of the SAGIN since existing survey papers focused on either only one single network segment in space or air, or the integration of space-ground, neglecting the integration of all the three network segments. In light of this, we present in this paper a comprehensive review of recent research works concerning SAGIN from network design and resource allocation to performance analysis and optimization. After discussing several existing network architectures, we also point out some technology challenges and future directions.

Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network: A Survey

Allowing frequency reuse between satellite and terrestrial networks, the integrated satellite-terrestrial network can spatially optimize the usage of scarce spectrum resource and is thus becoming one of the most promising infrastructures for future multimedia services. Taking the requirements of both efficiency and reliability in satellite communications into account, we propose an adaptive transmission scheme for the integrated network in this paper, where the satellite can communicate with the destination user either in direct mode or in cooperative mode. Specifically, we first investigate the symbol error rate (SER) performance of two transmission modes with co-channel interference under composite multipath/shadowing fading. Taking the derived SERs as constraints, we formulate the adaptive transmission scheme as an optimization problem with the objective of maximizing energy efficiency (EE) and discuss the trade-off among EE, spectral efficiency (SE), and SER. Furthermore, economic efficiency is also analyzed as a complementary performance measure to SE and EE. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can increase the attainable EE of satellite communications, which indicates that we should choose the transmission mode adaptively according to different interfering scenarios and shadowing degrees, rather than adopting cooperative transmission aggressively.

Energy Efficient Adaptive Transmissions in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks With SER Constraints

This paper considers a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) based decode-and-forward relaying network, where the “harvest-then-forward” strategy is employed. We focus on designing optimal static and dynamic transmission schemes of joint time allocation and power splitting to conduct the relay in terms of outage performance and ergodic performance, respectively. In particular, the analytical expressions for the outage probability and ergodic capacity are derived to determine the optimal static power splitting (PS) and time allocation (TA) ratios. Moreover, we study the dynamic transmission scheme and formulate two joint optimization problems to minimize the outage probability and maximize the instantaneous channel capacity. Considering that the two optimization problems are nonconvex, a split-step iterative method is proposed to obtain the optimal dynamic PS ratio and TA ratio for minimizing the outage probability, and an alternate convex optimization method is employed to solve the problem of maximizing the instantaneous channel capacity. Simulation results verify the advantages of the proposed schemes over three peer schemes.

Optimal Transmission Schemes for DF Relaying Networks Using SWIPT

With the ever increasing spectrum demand of broadband multimedia services, cognitive satellite terrestrial networks have emerged as a promising paradigm for future space information networks. To provide services with diverse delay quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in an energy-limited system, in this paper, we investigate energy efficient power allocation for cognitive satellite terrestrial networks. Employing statistical delay-QoS metric, power allocation schemes are formulated as optimization problems to maximize effective energy efficiency of secondary satellite communications while satisfying interference constraints imposed by primary terrestrial communications. Specifically, allowing for the availability of instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the secondary transmitter-primary receiver link, optimal transmit powers are derived for both the cases of statistical and instantaneous interference constraints. Moreover, to provide a theoretical insight on the performance of the considered network, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability based on the obtained optimal transmit powers. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results and show the impacts of the delay exponent, interference constraint, and aggregate interference from terrestrial networks on the performance of satellite networks.

Energy Efficient Power Allocation for Delay Constrained Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks Under Interference Constraints

Companding is a well-known technique for the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. However, as companding transform is an extra operation after the modulation of OFDM signals, companding schemes reduce PAPR at the expense of increasing the bit error rate (BER). In this paper, a new piecewise linear companding scheme is proposed aiming at mitigating companding distortion. In the design of the companding transform, we study the theoretical characterization of companding distortion. It demonstrates that companding larger signals with smaller amplitude increments are more favorable in reducing companding distortion. Based on the analysis results, a new piecewise linear companding transform is proposed by clipping the signals with amplitudes over a given companded peak amplitude for peak power reduction, and linearly transforming the signals with amplitudes close to the given companded peak amplitude for power compensation. With the careful design of the companded peak amplitude and the linear transform scale, the proposed transform can achieve enhanced BER and power spectral density performance, while reducing PAPR effectively.

A Piecewise Linear Companding Transform for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals With Companding Distortion Mitigation

This letter investigates the outage performance of dual-hop decode and forward relay systems in the presence of a direct link between the source and the destination, where simultaneous wireless information and power transfer is exploited at the relay by using a static/dynamic power splitting (PS) scheme. An analytical expression for the outage probability is derived to determine the optimal static PS ratio. Moreover, we study the dynamic PS scheme and derive a closed-form expression for the optimal dynamic PS ratio to minimize the outage probability at a given target rate. Furthermore, an analytical expression for the outage probability with the optimal dynamic PS ratio is also presented. It is shown that a full diversity gain can be achieved in the investigated system with static/dynamic PS scheme, and that the dynamic PS scheme outperforms the static PS scheme.

Yongzhao Li

Papers

Energy Efficient Adaptive Transmissions in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks With SER Constraints

Optimal Transmission Schemes for DF Relaying Networks Using SWIPT

Energy Efficient Power Allocation for Delay Constrained Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks Under Interference Constraints

A Piecewise Linear Companding Transform for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals With Companding Distortion Mitigation

Power Splitting-Based SWIPT With Dual-Hop DF Relaying in the Presence of a Direct Link