The measurement of meaning

Survey on speech emotion recognition: Features, classification schemes, and databases

A review is presented of the present status of the theory, the developed technology and the current applications of dielectrophoresis (DEP). Over the past 10 years around 2000 publications have addressed these three aspects, and current trends suggest that the theory and technology have matured sufficiently for most effort to now be directed towards applying DEP to unmet needs in such areas as biosensors, cell therapeutics, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, microfluidics, nanoassembly, and particle filtration. The dipole approximation to describe the DEP force acting on a particle subjected to a nonuniform electric field has evolved to include multipole contributions, the perturbing effects arising from interactions with other cells and boundary surfaces, and the influence of electrical double-layer polarizations that must be considered for nanoparticles. Theoretical modelling of the electric field gradients generated by different electrode designs has also reached an advanced state. Advances in the technology include the development of sophisticated electrode designs, along with the introduction of new materials (e.g., silicone polymers, dry film resist) and methods for fabricating the electrodes and microfluidics of DEP devices (photo and electron beam lithography, laser ablation, thin film techniques, CMOS technology). Around three-quarters of the 300 or so scientific publications now being published each year on DEP are directed towards practical applications, and this is matched with an increasing number of patent applications. A summary of the US patents granted since January 2005 is given, along with an outline of the small number of perceived industrial applications (e.g., mineral separation, micropolishing, manipulation and dispensing of fluid droplets, manipulation and assembly of micro components). The technology has also advanced sufficiently for DEP to be used as a tool to manipulate nanoparticles (e.g., carbon nanotubes, nano wires, gold and metal oxide nanoparticles) for the fabrication of devices and sensors. Most efforts are now being directed towards biomedical applications, such as the spatial manipulation and selective separation/enrichment of target cells or bacteria, high-throughput molecular screening, biosensors, immunoassays, and the artificial engineering of three-dimensional cell constructs. DEP is able to manipulate and sort cells without the need for biochemical labels or other bioengineered tags, and without contact to any surfaces. This opens up potentially important applications of DEP as a tool to address an unmet need in stem cell research and therapy.

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Review Article—Dielectrophoresis: Status of the theory, technology, and applications

http://nt13.aalto.fi/abstracts/posters/13012Abstract00283.pdf

Purification of carbon nanotubes

http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Forschung/Publikationen/2011/Schuller11-RRE.pdf

Recognising realistic emotions and affect in speech: State of the art and lessons learnt from the first challenge

As a result of the increase in robots in various fields, the mechanical stability of specific robots has become an important subject of research. This study is concerned with the development of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum robot that can be applied to an intelligent, mobile home robot. This kind of robotic mechanism has an innately clumsy motion for stabilizing the robot's body posture. To analyze and execute this robotic mechanism, we investigated the exact dynamics of the mechanism with the aid of 3-DOF modeling. By using the governing equations of motion, we analyzed important issues in the dynamics of a situation with an inclined surface and also the effect of the turning motion on the stability of the robot. For the experiments, the mechanical robot was constructed with various sensors. Its application to a two-dimensional floor environment was confirmed by experiments on factors such as balancing, rectilinear motion, and spinning motion.

Dynamic Analysis of a Nonholonomic Two-Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Robot

A piezoelectric actuator using bridge-type flexure hinge mechanisms is developed and optimized to amplify the displacement of a multilayer piezostack. The developed hinge mechanism has three-dimensional structure to reduce its size, so it has a high amplification ratio in a relatively small size. The developed mechanisms are modeled by matrix methods assuming flexure hinges as 6 degree-of-freedom spring elements to show the validity of the proposed hinge mechanism. To verify the derived matrix model, displacement and frequency experiments are performed. The experimental result shows that the displacemental error between the matrix model and experiments is below 10%. This indicates that the deformation of the hinge in the parasitic direction should be considered for more exact estimation of the amplification of the bridge-type hinge mechanism. Using the developed matrix model, an optimization is performed to estimate the performance of the hinge mechanism.

Development and optimization of 3-D bridge-type hinge mechanisms

Inaccurate positioning of the robot end effector causes joint deformation as well as geometric errors when an industrial robot has a payload at its end effector. We propose a new approach of calibration which deals with joint angle dependent errors to compensate for these phenomena. To implement this method, we divided the robot workspace into several local regions, and built a calibration equation by generating the constraint conditions of the end effector's motion in each local region using a three-dimensional position measurement system. The parameter errors obtained this way were interpolated using the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) so as to estimate calibration errors in the regions that we did not measure. We used this technique to improve the performance of a six DOF industrial robot used for arc welding.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0263574700002976

Calibration of geometric and non-geometric errors of an industrial robot

This paper introduces a link-type tracked vehicle, which is developed for potential applications such as fire fighting, handicapped assistance and mine detection in various hazardous environments. The vehicle consists of three parts—front frame, rear frame and body. The front frame is connected to the rear frame by a rotational passive adaptation mechanism, which is the driving mechanism of the vehicle. This is similar to a link structure such that one frame rotates to the other by external forces between the vehicle and the ground. This passive adaptation mechanism permits good adaptability to uneven terrain including stairs. This link structure also improves energy efficiency, and makes the vehicle simple and small. The body is a control system for remote control of the vehicle. It communicates visual and distance information to the operator, and commands direction and velocity orders.

Yoon Keun Kwak

Papers

Dynamic Analysis of a Nonholonomic Two-Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Robot

Development and optimization of 3-D bridge-type hinge mechanisms

Calibration of geometric and non-geometric errors of an industrial robot

Double-track mobile robot for hazardous environment applications

Kinematics and Workspace Analysis of a Parallel Wire Mechanism for Measuring a Robot Pose