http://pharmaquest.weebly.com/uploads/9/9/4/2/9942916/superparamagnetic_iron_oxide_nanoparticles_spions.pdf

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy

Meningiomas are extremely common adult brain tumors originating from meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. While most are slowly growing Word Health organization (WHO) grade I tumors, rare variants (clear cell, chordoid, papillary, and rhabdoid), as well as brain invasive (WHO grade II), atypical (WHO grade II), and anaplastic (WHO grade III) meningiomas are considerably more aggressive. This review summarizes the histopathological and genetic features of meningiomas, including differential diagnosis, pitfalls, and grading challenges. Early stages of meningioma tumorigenesis are closely linked to inactivation of one or more members of the 4.1 superfamily, including the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and 4.1B (DAL-1) genes, which interact with the 14-3-3 protein family. Other chromosome 22q genes implicated include BAM22, BCR (breakpoint cluster region), and TIMP-1, the last of which is implicated in higher-grade meningiomas. Atypical meningiomas also commonly show chromosomal losses of 1p, 6q, 10, 14q, and 18q, as well as multiple chromosomal gains. While most relevant genes remain unknown, two chromosome 14q candidates (MEG3 and NDRG2) have recently been identified. In addition to alterations of CDKN2A, p14 ARF , and CDKN2B tumor suppressor genes on 9p21, a contribution of the wingless (wnt) pathway with alterations of the E-cadherin and beta-catenin proteins, as well as alterations of the hedgehog signaling pathway have been implicated in anaplastic meningiomas. The integration of histopathological appearance, complex genetic/genomic data, and outcome will likely result in the identification of clinically distinct meningioma subgroups, which in turn can facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Pathological classification and molecular genetics of meningiomas

Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system

NMR and EPR Spectroscopy Papers presented at Varian's Third Annual Workshop on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, held at Palo Alto, California. By the NMR–EPR Staff of Varian Associates. Pp. viii + 288. (London and New York: Pergamon Press, 1960.) 80s. net.

/pdf/magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy-2npj6vj2ce.pdf

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Multifunctional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Promising tools in cancer theranostics

A magnetic drug delivery system (MDDS) has been studied to navigate and/or accumulate the magnetic seeded drug at a local diseased part in the human body. The bulk high temperature superconductors (HTS) are employed to control the drug because they would produce the required magnetic fields for MDDS. The trajectory of the ferromagnetic particles in the blood vessel was calculated and the possibility of the navigation of the drug is discussed. In the experiment the HTS (GdBaCuO) which produces the magnetic field of 4.5 T at the surface, was located 25 mm apart from the Y-shaped blood vessel. The drug navigation probability to the desired direction was confirmed to be higher than 80%. A rat experiment was also performed successfully using a permanent magnet. The possible MDDS system will be discussed.

/pdf/a-study-of-magnetic-drug-delivery-system-using-bulk-high-2kedjjxup8.pdf

A Study of Magnetic Drug Delivery System Using Bulk High Temperature Superconducting Magnet

The magnetic force control of the drug motion in the body has been studied in the current work. The calculation was made to study the possibility of the magnetic force control of the drag motion from outside of the body. The condition which enables the magnetic force control was clarified. The magnetic drug delivery system (MDDS) was demonstrated to be possible using the rat and permanent magnet and the validity of the calculation was confirmed by experiment. The magnetite suspension was introduced into a liver through portal vein in the rat experiment. A permanent magnet was used to navigate the magnetite. The navigation and accumulation of the magnetite was successfully performed. Based on the results, the MDDS experiment was made with an HTS magnet for a large-sized animal, pig. The HTS magnet of which size was 45 mm in diameter and 90 mm in length produced 5 T at 38 K. The suspension of the magnetite was injected into the blood vessel of the pig. It was confirmed that the magnetite was successfully navigated and/or accumulated by the HTS magnet.

Research and Development of Magnetic Drug Delivery System Using Bulk High Temperature Superconducting Magnet

Malignant transformation of benign neoplasm after radiosurgery is usually diagnosed based on the initial presence of benign tumor, its exposure to ionizing radiation, elapsed time from radiation exposure to malignant progression, and different histological characteristics or growth rate of the regrowing tumor comparing with those originally treated. Three presented cases fulfilled these diagnostic criteria; however, it seems that progression of the tumors (schwannoma, meningioma, chordoma) resulted from the natural course of the disease, rather than represented side effects of gamma knife radiosurgery. Evaluation of the proliferative potential of the benign neoplasm before radiosurgical treatment either directly, if tumor sampling is available, or indirectly, by calculation of the tumor growth rate and/or analysis of the data of the metabolic imaging (PET, MRS) is important for identification of "aggressive" subtypes, precise prediction of prognosis, and confirmation of the radiation-induced malignant transformation in cases of tumor regrowth.

Malignant progression of benign brain tumors after gamma knife radiosurgery : Is it really caused by irradiation?

Optimal management of cavernous sinus hemangiomas remains unclear. Total microsurgical removal of these neoplasms may be extremely difficult due to their rich vascularization. Three cases of cavernous sinus hemangioma treated with low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery are presented. Marginal dose varied from 10 to 13 Gy. Treatment planning and radiation dosimetry were done with a goal of conformal and selective coverage of the lesion with 50% prescription isodose line using multiisocenter technique. In all cases significant shrinkage of the neoplasm was marked at 3 months after treatment. Mean volume reduction at 12 months after radiosurgery was 60% (range: 45-75%). In all patients the shrinkage of the neoplasm was accompanied by notable improvement of the preexistent oculomotor nerve palsy. No radiosurgery-related complications were met during follow-up. In conclusion, low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery seems to be very effective for management of cavernous sinus hemangiomas, and can be considered as a treatment modality of choice for these lesions.

Low-dose gamma knife radiosurgery for cavernous sinus hemangioma: report of 3 cases and literature review.

The availability of the intraoperative MRI and real-time neuronavigation has dramatically changed the principles of surgery for gliomas. Current intraoperative computer-aided technologies permit perfect localization of the neoplasm, precise estimation of its volume, and clear definition of its interrelationships with the eloquent brain structures. This allows maximal tumor resection with minimal risk of postoperative disabilities. Under such conditions the medical treatment has become significantly dependent on the quality of the provided information and can be designated as information-guided management. Therefore, appropriate management of the wide spectrum of the intraoperative medical data and its adequate distribution between members of the surgical team for facilitation of the clinical decision-making is very important for attainment of the best possible outcome. Further progress in advanced neurovisualization, robotics, and comprehensive medical information technology has a great potential to increase the safety of the neurosurgical procedures for parenchymal brain tumors in the eloquent brain areas.

Advanced computer-aided intraoperative technologies for information-guided surgical management of gliomas: Tokyo Women's Medical University experience.

Yoshihiro Muragaki

Papers

A Study of Magnetic Drug Delivery System Using Bulk High Temperature Superconducting Magnet

Research and Development of Magnetic Drug Delivery System Using Bulk High Temperature Superconducting Magnet

Malignant progression of benign brain tumors after gamma knife radiosurgery : Is it really caused by irradiation?

Low-dose gamma knife radiosurgery for cavernous sinus hemangioma: report of 3 cases and literature review.

Advanced computer-aided intraoperative technologies for information-guided surgical management of gliomas: Tokyo Women's Medical University experience.