Showing papers by "Yoshihiro Sato published in 2007"
TL;DR: After the 2-month exercise program, the walking speed, step length, and the maximum standing time on one leg were significantly improved in the WBV exercise plus routine exercises group, while no significant changes were observed in the routine exercises alone group.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the beneficial effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise in addition to muscle strengthening, balance, and walking exercises on the walking ability in the elderly Sixty-seven elderly participants were divided into two groups; the WBV exercise plus routine exercises group (n=40) and the routine exercises alone group (n=27) WBV exercise was performed on a Galileo machine (Novotec, Pforzheim, Germany) at an intensity of 12-20 Hz, for a duration of 4 minutes, once every week All the participants in both the groups were similarly instructed to undergo routine exercises such as balance and muscle strengthening training, and take walking exercise twice a week The period of this study was 2 months to evaluate the acute effects of WBV exercise The mean age of the participants was 720 years (range, 59-86 years) At baseline, there were significant negative correlations between age and the walking speed, step length, and maximum standing time on one leg After the 2-month exercise program, the walking speed, step length, and the maximum standing time on one leg were significantly improved in the WBV exercise plus routine exercises group, while no significant changes in these parameters were observed in the routine exercises alone group Thus, the present study showed the beneficial effect of WBV exercise in addition to muscle strengthening, balance, and walking exercises in improving the walking ability in the elderly WBV exercise was safe and well tolerated in the elderly
235 citations
TL;DR: Treatment with risedronate and vitamin D2 increases bone mineral density in elderly men with Parkinson disease and reduces the risk of hip fractures.
Abstract: Background: There is a high incidence of hip fractures in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Bone mineral density (BMD) is decreased in patients with PD, correlating with the immobilization-induced bone resorption and hypovitaminosis D with compensatory hyperparathyroidism. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of risedronate, an inhibitor of bone resorption, on osteoporosis and the risk of hip fractures in elderly men with PD. Methods: This was a 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In a prospective study of patients with PD, 121 patients received a daily dose of 2.5 mg risedronate and vitamin D2 1,000 IU for 2 years, and the remaining 121 received placebo and vitamin D2 1,000 IU. Incidence of hip fractures was compared between the two groups. Results: Nine patients sustained hip fractures in the placebo group, and three hip fractures occurred in the risedronate group. The relative risk of a hip fracture in the risedronate group vs the placebo group was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.09 to 1.20). BMD increased by 2.2% in the risedronate group and decreased by 2.9% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Urinary deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker, decreased by 46.7% in the risedronate group and by 33.0% in the placebo group. Conclusion: Treatment with risedronate and vitamin D2 increases bone mineral density in elderly men with Parkinson disease and reduces the risk of hip fractures.
86 citations
TL;DR: The present study showed the short-term efficacy of combined facility- and home-based muscle strengthening exercises for the muscle strength in patients with mild-to-moderate OA of the knee, as well as the loss of the beneficial effect of the exercise regimen on the Muscle strength over the long-term.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the short-term effects of muscle strengthening exercises on the muscle strength in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, and to determine whether the beneficial effects of the exercises on the muscles strength, if any, would be maintained over the long-term. Twenty-six patients (mean: 62.8 years) with mild-to-moderate OA of the knee were instructed to perform the exercises, which consisted of once-weekly facility-based strengthening exercises of the knee extensor and flexor muscles with a Medx knee machine at the intensity of 50% of the maximum peak torque (MPT) measured at the baseline (20 timesx3 sets per week), together with daily home-based isometric strengthening exercises (setting and straight leg raising) of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee (30 times per day). The beneficial effects of the exercises on the MPT values of both the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee that began to be observed from 3 to 6 months after the start of the exercise regimen, regardless of the gender, age, body mass index, or baseline MPT values of the muscles, were maintained for up to 1-3 years, but tended to be no longer observed at 5 years. The present study showed the short-term efficacy of combined facility- and home-based muscle strengthening exercises for the muscle strength in patients with mild-to-moderate OA of the knee, as well as the loss of the beneficial effect of the exercise regimen on the muscle strength over the long-term.
32 citations
TL;DR: The Editors and Publisher of Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy have retracted the following article because it has been determined that this review article contains significant overlap with the following previously published articles.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of antifracture drugs on postmenopausal, male and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, focussing on the efficacy and safety of alendronate and risedronate. A search of the literature was conducted using PubMed for strictly conducted systematic reviews published from 1995 to present with homogeneity, meta-analyses with homogeneity, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a narrow confidence interval. According to the results of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses, alendronate and risedronate are useful for the prevention of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The results of RCTs have shown the antifracture efficacy of raloxifene and ibandronate against vertebral fractures and that of strontium and parathyroid hormone against vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In addition, the long-term safety of alendronate, risedronate and raloxifene has been established. On the other hand, RCTs have shown that, only alendronate prevents vertebral fractures in men with osteoporosis, and that alendronate and risedronate can prevent vertebral fractures in patients receiving glucocorticoid treatment. There seems to be less evidence of the antifracture efficacy of the drugs in male and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. They have limitations related to long-term compliance, gastrointestinal intolerance and poor and variable absorption form gastrointestinal tract. Thus, intermittent intravenous administration of bisphosphonates such as ibandronate and zoledronate or subcutaneous administration of denosumab might address some of these problems, although the antifracture efficacy of these drugs needs be established. However, antifracture efficacy and long-term safety are important points in the choice of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, the evidence derived from the literature, based on strict evidence-based medicine guidelines, suggests the antifracture efficacy and safety of alendronate in postmenopausal, male and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and those of risedronate in postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
27 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that alendronate treatment effectively increased lumbar BMD from baseline in men with primary or secondary osteoporosis following reduction in bone turnover, although its efficacy did not appear to be greater than in postmenopausal women with osteoporeosis.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of alendronate treatment on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in men and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Sixty men with primary or secondary osteoporosis and 318 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with alendronate. The primary end points were lumbar BMD and urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The secondary end point was the incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Forty-seven (78.3%) men and 254 (79.9%) women who could complete the 12-month trial were analyzed. The mean ages of men and postmenopausal women were 69.1 and 70.4 years, respectively. Both men and postmenopausal women showed higher levels of urinary NTX as compared with normal range of premenopausal women. Alendronate treatment decreased urinary NTX level by 39.2% in men and 45.4% in postmenopausal women at 3 months and serum ALP level by 17.8 and 21.0%, respectively, at 12 months. Following reduction in bone turnover markers, lumbar BMD increased 5.8 and 7.6% in men and postmenopausal women, respectively, at 12 months. Reduction in urinary NTX level and increase in lumbar BMD were smaller in men than in postmenopausal women. The incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures was 10.6 and 8.5%, respectively, in men and 8.3 and 7.5%, respectively, in postmenopausal women, with no significant difference in these incidences between them. These results suggested that alendronate treatment effectively increased lumbar BMD from baseline in men with primary or secondary osteoporosis following reduction in bone turnover, although its efficacy did not appear to be greater than in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
23 citations
TL;DR: The beneficial effects of alfacalcidol on bone mass, bone formation, and bone resorption have been established in ovariectomized rats and the effects of ALF on cancellous and cortical bone mass in GC-treated rats were examined.
Abstract: The beneficial effects of alfacalcidol (ALF) on bone mass, bone formation, and bone resorption have been established in ovariectomized rats. Our previous studies showed that high-dose glucocorticoid (GC) administration (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times a week) for 4 wk induced cancellous osteopenia without significantly affecting cortical bone mass in Sprague-Dawley rats, and that high-dose GC administration for 8 wk also resulted in cortical osteopenia. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of ALF on cancellous and cortical bone mass in GC-treated rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 mo of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into four groups of 10 rats each, as follows: age-matched control group (CON); 8-wk GC administration with administration of vehicle during the latter 4 wk of treatment (GC group); 8-wk GC administration with administration of a low dose of ALF (0.08 Ag/kg) during the latter 4 wk of treatment (low-dose ALF group); 8-wk administration of GC with administration of a high dose ofALF (0.16 microg/kg) during the latter 4 wk of treatment (high-dose ALF group). The GC (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously 3 times a week, and ALF was administered orally 5 times a week. At the end of the experiment, static and dynamic bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on cancellous bone of the proximal tibial metaphysis and cortical bone of the tibial diaphysis. Eight-week GC administration resulted in loss of the cancellous bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) and percent cortical area (Ct Ar) as a result of decreased trabecular bone formation, increased trabecular and endocortical bone resorption, and decreased periosteal bone formation. Low-dose ALF restored the cancellous BV/TV by mildly suppressing bone resorption and restoring bone formation, whereas high-dose ALF increased it beyond the value observed in the age-matched controls by strongly suppressing bone resorption and markedly increasing bone formation. Both low- and high-dose ALF prevented the GC-induced reduction of the percent Ct Ar by increasing periosteal bone formation and suppressing endocortical bone resorption. The effects of ALF on cancellous bone mass, bone formation, and bone resorption were all dose-dependent. The present study showed the beneficial effects of ALF on cancellous and cortical bone mass in GC-treated rats.
12 citations
TL;DR: Vitamin K(2) and risedronate combined had an additive effect on the femoral bone area, BMC and BMD, and the combined treatment group did not show any significant reduction of the total tissue and cortical areas at the tibial diaphysis, as well as a reduced serum pyridinoline level compared with untreated rats and an increased serum ALP levelCompared with untreated or risingronate-treated rats.
Abstract: Hypophysectomy (HX) arrests bone growth and induces osteopenia in the long bones of rats. The present study investigated the combined effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on long bone mass in HX rats, in order to determine whether treatment with these two agents had an additive effect. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were hypophysectomized at 6 weeks of age by the supplier, and were shipped to our laboratory at three days after surgery along with ten intact rats that served as age-matched controls. The study was started on the day when the rats were received. Three HX rats were excluded from the study because of the failure of HX. Forty-seven rats (6 weeks old) were assigned to the following 5 groups by the stratified weight randomization method: intact controls, HX alone, HX + vitamin K2 (30 mg/kg, p.o., daily), HX + risedronate (2.5 μg/kg, s.c., 5 days a week), and HX + vitamin K2 + risedronate. The dosing period was 4 weeks. HX resulted in a decrease of the femoral bone area, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as a decrease in the cancellous bone mass of the proximal tibial metaphysis and the total tissue and cortical areas of the tibial diaphysis. These changes were associated with a marked reduction in the serum level of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I and with elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and pyridinoline. Administration of vitamin K2 increased the serum ALP level in HX rats, but did not affect any of the other parameters. On the other hand, risedronate ameliorated the decrease of femoral BMD and cancellous bone mass at the proximal tibial metaphysis in HX rats without affecting the serum IGF-I level, as a result of not causing a significant elevation of serum pyridinoline. Vitamin K2 and risedronate combined had an additive effect on the femoral bone area, BMC and BMD, and the combined treatment group did not show any significant reduction of the total tissue and cortical areas at the tibial diaphysis, as well as a reduced serum pyridinoline level compared with untreated rats and an increased serum ALP level compared with untreated or risedronate-treated rats. These results suggest that risedronate had a positive effect on the BMD and cancellous bone mass of long bones in HX rats. Despite the lack of a significant effect of vitamin K2 on bone mass parameters, it had an additive effect with risedronate on the BMC, BMD and cortical bone mass of long bones in HX rats.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of alendronate treatment on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in men and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was compared.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of alendronate treatment on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in men and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Sixty men with primary or secondary osteoporosis and 318 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were treated with alendronate. The primary end points were lumbar BMD and urinary cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The secondary end point was the incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. Forty-seven (78.3%) men and 254 (79.9%) women who could complete the 12-month trial were analyzed. The mean ages of men and postmenopausal women were 69.1 and 70.4 years, respectively. Both men and postmenopausal women showed higher levels of urinary NTX as compared with normal range of premenopausal women. Alendronate treatment decreased urinary NTX level by 39.2% in men and 45.4% in postmenopausal women at 3 months and serum ALP level by 17.8 and 21.0%, respectively, at 12 months. Following reduction in bone turnover markers, lumbar BMD increased 5.8 and 7.6% in men and postmenopausal women, respectively, at 12 months. Reduction in urinary NTX level and increase in lumbar BMD were smaller in men than in postmenopausal women. The incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures was 10.6 and 8.5%, respectively, in men and 8.3 and 7.5%, respectively, in postmenopausal women, with no significant difference in these incidences between them. These results suggested that alendronate treatment effectively increased lumbar BMD from baseline in men with primary or secondary osteoporosis following reduction in bone turnover, although its efficacy did not appear to be greater than in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.