Yoshio Itoh

TL;DR: Anthocyanin biosynthesis in roses is described, which is unlike the pathway used in other flowers in that it relies on a single enzyme to achieve glycosylation at two different positions on the precursor molecule.

TL;DR: In the "Rhapsody" cultivar of the carnation, which bears white flowers variegated with red flecks and sectors, a transposable element, dTdic1, belonging to the Ac/Ds superfamily, was found within the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) gene.

TL;DR: Analysis of flavonoid composition and gene expression of enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in flowers of four acyanic and one cyanic cultivar of Sim carnation showed that the acyani flower cultivars are divided into three types.

TL;DR: Two distinct mechanisms for repression of anthocyanin biosynthesis are proposed in cultivars showing different coloration patterns, suggesting that enhancement of flavonol biosynthesis by enhanced expression of Flavonol synthase is at least in part responsible for reduction in anthcyanin level and formation of unpigmented zones in a cultivar showing white corolla centers.

TL;DR: The full-length cDNA clones for 18 glucosyltransferase (GT) genes were isolated from petal tissue of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) bearing various flower colors and three of the 18 were characterized as 3-GT possessing different substrate specificities for flavonoids and anthocyanidin.