The theory of image formation is formulated in terms of the coherence function in the object plane, the diffraction distribution function of the image-forming system and a function describing the structure of the object. There results a four-fold integral involving these functions, and the complex conjugate functions of the latter two. This integral is evaluated in terms of the Fourier transforms of the coherence function, the diffraction distribution function and its complex conjugate. In fact, these transforms are respectively the distribution of intensity in an 'effective source', and the complex transmission of the optical system-they are the data initially known and are generally of simple form. A generalized 'transmission factor' is found which reduces to the known results in the simple cases of perfect coherence and complete incoherence. The procedure may be varied in a manner more suited to non-periodic objects. The theory is applied to study inter alia the influence of the method of illumination on the images of simple periodic structures and of an isolated line.

On the diffraction theory of optical images

Thank you for downloading optical shop testing. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this optical shop testing, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. optical shop testing is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the optical shop testing is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Optical Shop Testing

In this paper, we develop a classical electrodynamic theory to study the optical nonlinearities of metallic nanoparticles. The quasi free electrons inside the metal are approximated as a classical Coulomb-interacting electron gas, and their motion under the excitation of an external electromagnetic field is described by the plasma equations. This theory is further tailored to study second-harmonic generation. Through detailed experiment-theory comparisons, we validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm. It is demonstrated that our theory not only provides qualitative agreement with experiments but it also reproduces the overall strength of the experimentally observed second-harmonic signals.

Classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles. Phys Rev B 79:235109

Previous measurements of the birefringence of sapphire and magnesium fluoride have been extended to their respective limits of transparency, revealing anomalous dispersion effects at short wavelengths, which are qualitatively discussed. Possible practical applications to Lyot filters and quarter-wave plates for Lyman-alpha are indicated.

Anomalous dispersion of birefringence of sapphire and magnesium fluoride in the vacuum ultraviolet

Chemical deposition is a powerful technology for fabrication of planar microelectronics. Optical fibers are the dominant platform for telecommunications, and devices such as fiber lasers are forming the basis for new industries. High-pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) allows for conformal layers and void-free wires of precisely doped crystalline unary and compound semiconductors inside the micro-to-nanoscale-diameter pores of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). Drawing the fibers to serve as templates into which these semiconductor structures can be fabricated allows for geometric design flexibility that is difficult to achieve with planar fabrication. Seamless coupling of semiconductor optoelectronic and photonic devices with existing fiber infrastructure thus becomes possible, facilitating all-fiber technological approaches. The deposition techniques also allow for a wider range of semiconductor materials compositions to be exploited than is possible by means of preform drawing. Gigahertz bandwidth junction-based fiber devices can be fabricated from doped crystalline semiconductors, for example. Deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon, which cannot be drawn, allows for the exploitation of strong nonlinear optical function in fibers. Finally, crystalline compound semiconductor fiber cores hold promise for high-power infrared light-guiding fiber devices and subwavelength-resolution, large-area infrared imaging.

Templated Chemically Deposited Semiconductor Optical Fiber Materials

A multiple-order diffractive engineered surface (MODE) lens is introduced, in which focal position change with wavelength exhibits both refractive and diffractive characteristics. Engineering calculations are provided that indicate Strehl ratio and encircled energy performance over a large range of focal length and aperture diameter design space. A prototype lens is designed and constructed for the astronomical R-band (589 nm to 727 nm) wavelength range. Test results show that measured full-width-at-half-maximum focal spot diameter is 2.1 times larger than the ideal Airy spot diameter, and focal position versus wavelength is nearly identical to the design. The 48 mm aperture diameter, f/3.12 prototype telescope exhibits angularly resolved features in natural scenes at 0.006°, with subtense of the Airy spot diameter at 0.002°. Applications include eventual use in large aperture, ultralightweight space telescopes.

Multiple-order diffractive engineered surface lenses

We present an optical architecture for a scanning lidar in which a digital micromirror device (DMD) is placed at an intermediate image plane in a receiver to decouple the trade-offs between scan angle, scan speed, and aperture size of the lidar’s transmitter and receiver. In the architecture, the transmitter with a galvo mirror and the receiver with a DMD scan the horizontal and vertical fields of view, respectively, to enable an increased field of view of 50°, centimeter transmitter beam diameter, and video frame rate range finding captures. We present our optimized system and discuss the adjustable parameter trade-offs.

Wide-angle MEMS-based imaging lidar by decoupled scan axes.

Design aspects of multiple-order diffraction engineered surface (MODE) lenses are discussed that result in significant improvement of geometrical off-axis performance. A new type of aberration that is characteristic of this type of segmented lens, which is called zonal field shift, is minimized by curving front intercepts of zone transitions. Three MODE designs are compared, based on a 240 mm aperture, 1 m focal length system with a 0.125° half field angle over the astronomical R wavelength band (589 nm to 727 nm). Optimized curved-front designs indicate diffraction-limited monochromatic geometrical performance over the full field of view. A technique is implemented with a combination of a non-sequential ray-trace model and a diffraction code to model physical optical effects, which indicates that the modulation transfer function (MTF) of MODE lenses are significantly improved compared to a first-order equivalent refractive achromat.

Design aspects of large-aperture MODE lenses

Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) is a pathway for high performance yet cost effective Time-of-Flight based LIDARs while satisfying trade-offs in performances, such as field-of-view, angular and range resolution, scanning speed and power consumption.

MEMS-based imaging LIDAR

Large diameter, high-harmonic diffractive lenses could find
applications in future space telescopes. Residual chromatic aberrations
from these lenses can cause significant blurring. Solutions to reduce
chromatic dispersion and other aberrations to diffraction-limited
performance are discussed. A design example based on a 240-mm-diameter,
1-m focal length multi-order diffractive engineered lens operating over
the astronomical R-Band (589–727 nm) is presented. The design example uses
a relay subsystem with four times smaller diameter than the primary. This
color corrector includes both refractive and diffractive optical elements
and reduces the longitudinal chromatic aberrations by more than a factor
of 30 compared to the primary lens alone, while maintaining the effective
focal length and numerical aperture of the system.

Youngsik Kim

Papers

Multiple-order diffractive engineered surface lenses

Wide-angle MEMS-based imaging lidar by decoupled scan axes.

Design aspects of large-aperture MODE lenses

MEMS-based imaging LIDAR

High-harmonic diffractive lens color compensation.