Statistical Analysis with Missing Data

In the 1990s the concept of social capital defined here as the norms and networks that enable people to act collectively enjoyed a remarkable rise to prominence across all the social science disciplines. The authors trace the evolution of social capital research as it pertains to economic development and identify four distinct approaches the research has taken : communitarian, networks, institutional, and synergy. The evidence suggests that of the four, the synergy view, with its emphasis on incorporating different levels and dimensions of social capital and its recognition of the positive and negative outcomes that social capital can generate, has the greatest empirical support and lends itself best to comprehensive and coherent policy prescriptions. The authors argue that a significant virtue of the idea of and discourse on social capital is that it helps to bridge orthodox divides among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.

/pdf/social-capital-implications-for-development-theory-research-1639tar0kx.pdf

Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy

http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/metchev/PHY688/Pollack_etal96_core_accretion.pdf

Formation of the Giant Planets by Concurrent Accretion of Solids and Gas

An edited volume containing data structures and algorithms for information retrieved including a disk with examples written in C. For programmers and students interested in parsing text, automated indexing, its the first collection in book form of the basic data structures and algorithms that are critical to the storage and retrieval of documents.

https://hornad.fei.tuke.sk/~genci/Vyucba/OOBDS/Archiv/Podklady/TExtoveIS&IR/Information%20Retrieval%20Data%20Structures%20&%20Algorithms.PDF

Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms

Formation of the Giant Planets by Concurrant Accretion of Solids and Gas

Data are presented on the temporal structure, fluxes, energy spectra and coordinates of the sources of gamma-ray bursts detected in the KONUS experiment on Venera 11 and Venera 12 space probes in the period September 1978 to May 1979. The statistical distributions of gamma bursts in duration, intensity, and peak power, as well as the distribution of the burst sources over the celestial sphere presented are based on the updated KONUS information obtained until February 1980.

Parts I and II

The γ-ray burst detector Konus1, on the Venera 11 and Venera 12 spacecraft, detected on 5 and 6 March, 1979 two bursts of hard X rays originating from the same source. These events are quite unusual and of considerable interest. The burst of 5 March was very intense, particularly in the initial phase. This event was also observed by several other spacecraft2. The second burst on 6 March was considerably weaker. The observations reported here permitted us to obtain a detailed time structure of the bursts, to measure their energy spectra and to locate the source on the celestial sphere.

Observations of a flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

Venera 11 and Venera 12 have detected emission and absorption lines in the energy spectra of many γ-ray bursts. The similarity between the spectral features observed during different events reveals the similarity in physical conditions and processes which occur within the burst sources. These lines are the most convincing evidence that the γ-burst sources contain neutron stars with a strong magnetic field. We present here results of a comprehensive analysis that included weaker bursts, which indicate that the presence of lines in the γ-burst spectra, in particular of absorption lines in the region 30–70 keV is a characteristic rather than an exceptional feature.

Cyclotron and annihilation lines in γ-ray bursts

The SP-2 experiment carried by the Vega spacecraft during their encounter with comet Halley was designed to determine the spatial distribution of cometary dust particles and their mass distribution over the range ∼10−16–10−6 g. The first infrequent dust particle impacts recorded by the SP-2 sensors indicated that Vega 1 entered the cometary dust coma at a distance of ∼280,000 km from the nucleus. Although the subsequent rapid and even spectacular developments were not unexpected and the results of the in situ measurements agree well with the general predictions of cometary dust environment models1,2, a number of remarkable features were revealed, such as the high density of sub-micrometre-sized particles, considerable variations in the particle mass distribution observed in different regions of the coma and particularly in jets, and the asymmetry relative to the comet–Sun line.

Comet Halley dust environment from SP-2 detector measurements

A comparison of the 5 March 1979 event and other short gamma-ray bursts reveals considerable similarities in their features. This implies their common origin.

Yu. A. Gur'yan

Papers

Parts I and II

Observations of a flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

Cyclotron and annihilation lines in γ-ray bursts

Comet Halley dust environment from SP-2 detector measurements

The 5 March 1979 event and the distinct class of short gamma bursts: are they of the same origin?