Over the last several decades, several factors have contributed to a major transformation in heat pipe science and technology applications The first major contribution was the development and advances of new heat pipes, such as loop heat pipes (LHPs), micro and miniature heat pipes, and pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) In addition, there are now many commercial applications that have helped contribute to the recent interest in heat pipes For example, several million heat pipes are manufactured each month for applications in CPU cooling and laptop computers Numerical modeling, analysis, and experimental simulation of heat pipes have significantly progressed due to a much greater understanding of various physical phenomena in heat pipes as well as advances in computational and experimental methodologies A review is presented hereafter concerning the types of heat pipes, heat pipe analysis, and simulations

Review and Advances in Heat Pipe Science and Technology

A detailed overview of heat pipes is presented in this paper, including a historical perspective, principles of operations, types of heat pipes, heat pipe performance characteristics, heat pipe limitations, heat pipe frozen startup and shutdown, heat pipe analysis and simulations, and various applications of heat pipes. Over the last several decades, several factors have contributed to a major transformation in heat pipe science and technology . The first major contribution was the development and advances of new heat pipes, such as loop heat pipes, micro and miniature heat pipes, and pulsating heat pipes. In addition, there are now many new commercial applications that have helped contribute to the recent interest in heat pipes, especially related to the fields of electronic cooling and energy. For example, several million heat pipes are now manufactured each month since all modern laptops use heat pipes for CPU cooling. Numerical modeling, analysis, and experimental simulation of heat pipes have also significantly progressed due to a much greater understanding of various physical phenomena in heat pipes, as well as advances in computational and experimental methodologies.

http://m.thermalfluidscentral.org/journals/index.php/Heat_Pipes/article/view/360/362

Heat pipes: review, opportunities and challenges

A Review on efficient thermal management of air- and liquid-cooled data centers: From chip to the cooling system

Although the Hertz-Knudsen (HK) relation is often used to correlate evaporation data, the relation contains two empirical parameters (the evaporation and condensation coefficients) that have inexplicably been found to span 3 orders of magnitude. Explicit expressions for these coefficients have yet to be determined. This review will examine sources of error in the HK relation that have led to the coefficients’ scatter. Through an examination of theoretical, experimental, and molecular dynamics simulation studies of evaporation, this review will show that the HK relation is incomplete, since it is missing an important physical concept: the coupling between the vapor and liquid phases during evaporation. The review also examines a modified HK relation, obtained from the quantum-mechanically based statistical rate theory (SRT) expression for the evaporation flux and applying a limit to it in which the thermal energy is dominant. Explicit expressions for the evaporation and condensation coefficients are define...

Expressions for the Evaporation and Condensation Coefficients in the Hertz-Knudsen Relation.

Parametric analysis of loop heat pipe operation: a literature review

http://moodle-n7.inp-toulouse.fr/pluginfile.php/2378/mod_folder/content/0/maidenikreview.pdf?forcedownload=1

Yu.F. Maydanik

Papers

Loop heat pipes

Review: Loop heat pipes with flat evaporators

Steady-state and transient performance of a miniature loop heat pipe

Operating temperature and distribution of a working fluid in LHP

Investigation of a compact copper–water loop heap pipe with a flat evaporator