Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) display a wide range of luminescent behaviors resulting from the multifaceted nature of their structure. In this critical review we discuss the origins of MOF luminosity, which include the linker, the coordinated metal ions, antenna effects, excimer and exciplex formation, and guest molecules. The literature describing these effects is comprehensively surveyed, including a categorization of each report according to the type of luminescence observed. Finally, we discuss potential applications of luminescent MOFs. This review will be of interest to researchers and synthetic chemists attempting to design luminescent MOFs, and those engaged in the extension of MOFs to applications such as chemical, biological, and radiation detection, medical imaging, and electro-optical devices (141 references).

Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks

2.2. MOFs with Metal Active Sites 4614 2.2.1. Early Studies 4614 2.2.2. Hydrogenation Reactions 4618 2.2.3. Oxidation of Organic Substrates 4620 2.2.4. CO Oxidation to CO2 4626 2.2.5. Phototocatalysis by MOFs 4627 2.2.6. Carbonyl Cyanosilylation 4630 2.2.7. Hydrodesulfurization 4631 2.2.8. Other Reactions 4632 2.3. MOFs with Reactive Functional Groups 4634 2.4. MOFs as Host Matrices or Nanometric Reaction Cavities 4636

Engineering Metal Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Metal–Organic Frameworks and Self-Assembled Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Comparing and Contrasting the Design, Synthesis, and Functionality of Metal–Organic Materials

A unique porous 3D metal–organic framework has been synthesized based on the insertion of heterogeneous pillars between 2D layers, the permanent porosity of which is confirmed by N2 adsorption isotherm measurement.

Design and construction of a microporous metal–organic framework based on the pillared-layer motif

A series of nickel-containing mesoporous silica samples (Ni-SiO₂) with different nickel content (31%-132%) were synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly method Their catalytic activity was tested in carbon dioxide reforming of methane The characterization results revealed that the catalysts, eg, 67%Ni-SiO₂, with highly dispersed small nickel particles, exhibited excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability The metallic nickel particle size was significantly affected by the metal anchoring effect between metallic nickel particles and unreduced nickel ions in the silica matrix A strong anchoring effect was suggested to account for the remaining of small Ni particle size and the improved catalytic performance

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/7/3/2340/pdf

Highly Dispersed Nickel-Containing Mesoporous Silica with Superior Stability in Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane: The Effect of Anchoring

Mesoporous silica molecular sieves are a kind of unique catalyst support due to their large pore size and high surface area. Several methods have been developed to immobilize heteropolyacids (HPAs) inside the channels of these mesoporous silicas. The mesoporous silica-supported HPA materials have been widely used as recyclable catalysts in heterogeneous systems. They have shown high catalytic activities and shape selectivities in some reactions, compared to the parent HPAs in homogeneous systems. This review summarizes recent progress in the field of mesoporous silica-supported HPAs applied in the heterogeneous catalysis area and preparation of nanostructured metal oxides using HPAs as precursors and mesoporous silicas as hard templates.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/2/764/pdf

Progress of the Application of Mesoporous Silica-Supported Heteropolyacids in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Preparation of Nanostructured Metal Oxides

The solvothermal reactions of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, aromatic carboxylic acids, and either 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) or pyrazine (pyz) produced three open-framework compounds, namely, Ni(HBTC)(pyz)·3DMF 2 (BTC = 1,3,5-benzentricarboxylate, DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide), Ni2(BTEC)(bipy)3·3DMF 3 (BTEC = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate), together with previously reported Ni(HBTC)(bipy)·3DMF 1. Compound 2 is the product when pyz pillars replace bipy pillars in the reaction of 1, and it is a 3D porous network where honeycomb grid layers constructed by Ni-BTC groups are interlinked by pyz pillars. When the BTEC ligand takes the place of BTC ligand in the system, compound 3 is obtained and it is a 3D connectivity with 1D channels where Ni-BTEC chains are interlinked by bipy ligands. The three compounds feature permanent porosity, which was confirmed by N2 adsorption isotherm measurement, and the architectural features of 1–3 can be ascribed to pillared-layer motifs. Furthermore, hydrogen adsorption measured at 77 K for 1 shows an excess uptake of 3.03 wt% at 20 bar. Details of the synthesis conditions, crystal structures and property measurements of each new compound are described.

Yuanhang Ren

Papers

Design and construction of a microporous metal–organic framework based on the pillared-layer motif

Highly Dispersed Nickel-Containing Mesoporous Silica with Superior Stability in Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane: The Effect of Anchoring

Progress of the Application of Mesoporous Silica-Supported Heteropolyacids in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Preparation of Nanostructured Metal Oxides

Rational design microporous pillared-layer frameworks: syntheses, structures and gas sorption properties

Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol over metal oxide supported graphene oxide catalysts