The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

The author details the reactions of various concretes on steel reinforcement. Although portland cements, slag cements and high alumina cements are all hydraulic binders, each possess special properties which are examined. The discussion of causes and methods of preventing the corrosion of steel reinforcement covers such aspects as galvanised steel reinforcement, effects of concrete composition, corrosion of steel reinforcments in concrete and prestressed reinforcement. It is concluded that the most significant influences on the corrosion of prestressing wire in concrete are: the presence of chloride; the presence of nitrates; the composition of the concrete; the degree of carbonation of the concrete; concrete compaction and, chlorides and sulphates should be used as far as possible when steel is embedded. (TRRL)

Corrosion of steel by concrete

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A1f6e1c6c-7d68-440d-905f-164811f46c8e/datastream/OBJ/download

Carbonation of cement paste : Understanding, challenges, and opportunities

(Vol. 1, part of 2 vols set) Size: 22x14cm., Contents: Chapter I. Tension and Compression within the Elastic Limit II. Analysis of Stress and Strain III. Bending Moment and Shearing Force IV. Stresses in Laterally Loaded Symmetrical beams V. Deflection of Laterally Loaded Symmetrical Beams VI. Statically Indeterminate Problems in Bending VII. Symmetrical Beams of Variable Cross Section-Beams of Two Materials VIII. Bending of Beams in a plane which is not a Plane of Symmetry IX. Combined Bending and Axial Load Theory of Columns X. Torsion and Combined Bending and Torsion XI. Strain Energy and Impact XII. Curved Bars Appendix A: Moments of Inertia of Plane Areas Appendix B. Tables of Structural Shapes Author Index Subject Index. ISBN:8123910304 xiv+442 Yr. of Pub.reprint 2004Paper Back

Strength of materials ..

This paper summarizes the grand societal, economic, technological, and educational challenges related to corrosion of steel in concrete, and presents the state-of-the-art of the most relevant issues in the field. The enormous financial impact of infrastructure corrosion seems to be inadequately balanced by educational and research activities. This presents a unique opportunity in many countries for maintaining or improving their competitiveness, given the major technological challenges can be solved. The main technological challenges are (1) the ever-increasing need to cost-effectively maintain existing, ageing reinforced concrete structures, and (2) designing durable, thus sustainable new structures. The first challenge arises mainly in industrialized countries, where there is a need to abandon conservative, experience-based decision taking and instead move to innovative, knowledge-based strategies. The second challenge regards mainly emerging countries expanding their infrastructures and where thus a major beneficial environmental impact can still be made by providing long-lasting solutions. This means to be able to reliably predict the long-term corrosion performance of reinforced concrete structures in their actual environments, particularly for modern materials and in the absence of long-term experience. During the second half of the last century, civil engineers, materials scientists, and chemists have in many countries made considerable attempts towards understanding corrosion of steel in concrete, but many of the approaches got bogged down in empiricism. From reviewing the state-of-the-art one can conclude that transport modeling in concrete is relatively well-advanced, at least in comparison with understanding corrosion initiation and corrosion propagation, where many questions are still open. This presents a number of opportunities in scientific research and technological development that are discussed in this paper.

/pdf/challenges-and-opportunities-in-corrosion-of-steel-in-194pksjalc.pdf

Challenges and opportunities in corrosion of steel in concrete

On the penetration of corrosion products from reinforcing steel into concrete due to chloride-induced corrosion

Bond behaviour of normal/recycled concrete and corroded steel bars

Composition and expansion coefficient of rust based on X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis

Crack shape and rust distribution in corrosion-induced cracking concrete

https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk:8443/bitstream/10044/1/18080/2/Comparison%20of%20uniform%20and%20non-uniform%20corrosion%20induced%20damage%20in%20reinforced%20concrete%20based%20on%20a%20Gaussian%20description%20of%20the%20corrosion%20layer-Accepted.pdf

Yuxi Zhao

Papers

On the penetration of corrosion products from reinforcing steel into concrete due to chloride-induced corrosion

Bond behaviour of normal/recycled concrete and corroded steel bars

Composition and expansion coefficient of rust based on X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis

Crack shape and rust distribution in corrosion-induced cracking concrete

Comparison of uniform and non-uniform corrosion induced damage in reinforced concrete based on a Gaussian description of the corrosion layer