MEDICAL LITERATURE has been deluged during the past few years with books and papers on penicillin; but a book which has been produced under the general editorship of Sir Alexander Fleming himself represents a complete and authoritative summary of penicillin therapy as it stands today.' The book contains a series of independent contributions by \"experienced and eminent men who have worked with penicillin in Great Britain\". Their opinions and practical methods differ slightly, and there is some overlapping; but these are not disadvantageous, comparison and contrast lending interest to the reading. In the first or general section of the book Fleming contributes two chapters, one on the history and development of penicillin, introducing some interesting sidelights in the romance of discovery, the other on the bacteriological control of penicillin therapy. In both chapters the information is set out in meticulous detail and with a clarity and simplicity which can be enjoyed by all readers. Fleming also gives the right perspective to the place of penicillin amongst the antibiotics and lays down the principles of treatment. Both chapters are well illustrated and are the most outstanding in the book. Included in this first section also are chapters on the chemistry and manufacture of penicillin and its pharmacy, pharmacology and methods of administration. The second section of the book is entirely clinical, giving each author's view on the use of penicillin therapy in a disease or an infection of some particular region of the body. The entire range of peniCillin-sensitive conditions is considered in twenty authoritative and clearly written chapters; these contain many references and illustrations. Dental and veterinary diseases are also given fairly full consideration. The final section is a condensed resume of much of the preceding chapters and is written for. the general practttioner. This chapter is superttuous: it does not contain enough detall to be of much practical value. The book as a Whole, however, will undoubtedly be considered a classical contribution to medical literature and is strongly recommended, not only because of the general interest of its topic, but as a reference book on penicillin therapy of hitherto unequalled excellence. The typography, although conforming to war economy standards, is clear and the paper is good. There is an excellent list of references and the index is satisfactory.

Gray's Anatomy

https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(12)60137-8/pdf

Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.

This document was developed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents (ECDs) and cosponsored by the American College of Radiology (ACR), American Heart Association (AHA), North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI), and

ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SCMR 2010 Expert Consensus Document on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents

https://www.clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-743X(14)60228-7/pdf

ESCMID† and ECMM‡ joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis 2013

http://icnapedia.org/guidelines/open/Chest-2008-Monagle-887S-968S.pdf

Antithrombotic Therapy in Neonates and Children: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)

Purpose To determine angiographically the origins and variations of renal arteries. Materials and methods The study included 855 consecutive patients (163 females, 692 males; mean age, 61 years) living in the Cukurova region of Turkey, who underwent either aortofemoropopliteal (AFP) angiography for the investigation of peripheral arterial disease, or renal angiography for renovascular hypertension, and were prospectively evaluated. Renal arteries were visualized by non-selective catheterization during AFP angiography and by selective or non-selective catheterization during renal angiography. Locations of renal artery origins and renal artery variations, including the presence of extra renal arteries and division patterns were analyzed on angiograms. Results The origin of main renal arteries off the aorta was between the upper margin of L1 and lower margin of L2 vertebra in 98% of the patients, and in 74%, this was the origin of extra renal arteries. The most common location for renal artery origin was the L1-L2 intervertebral disc level. A single renal artery was present in both kidneys in 76% of patients. Renal artery variations included multiple arteries in 24%, bilateral multiple arteries in 5%, and early division in 8% of the cases. Additional renal arteries on the right side were found in 16% and on the left side in 13% of cases. Of all the extra renal arteries, the percentage of accessory and aberrant renal arteries were 49% and 51%, respectively. Conclusion Renal arteries originated between the first and the second lumbar vertebral levels in most patients. Extra renal arteries were quite frequent. These results should be kept in mind when a non-invasive diagnostic search is performed for renal artery stenosis, or when renal surgery related to renal arteries is performed.

Renal artery origins and variations: angiographic evaluation of 855 consecutive patients

Interruption or congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava: Prevalence, imaging, and clinical findings

Purpose.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy values of sonography in the detection of renal stones using noncontrast CT as the gold standard. In addition, we correlated the accuracy of sonography with stone size, the kidney affected (right versus left), and body mass index (BMI).



Methods.

Fifty patients underwent 2 separate sonographic examinations performed by 2 radiologists. CT scans were evaluated by another 2 radiologists, and the diagnosis was made by consensus. We compared the sonograms and CT scans and the sonographic detection of stones in the left and right kidneys. All sonographic findings were correlated with the BMI groups.



Results.

The sensitivity of sonography for any stone in a patient was 52–57% for the right kidney (radiologist 1 and 2) and 32–39% for the left kidney (radiologist 1 and 2). The overall accuracy of sonography in detecting a stone in the right kidney by radiologists 1 and 2 was 67% and 77%, respectively. The corresponding accuracy values for the left kidney were 53% and 54%, respectively.



Conclusion.

Sonography is of limited value for detecting renal stones. The sonographic detection of a renal stone is dependent on the side of the kidney involved but is independent of BMI. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007

Accuracy of sonography for detecting renal stone: comparison with CT.

OBJECTIVE. The aims of this study were to present the prevalence, imaging and clinical findings, and possible causes of portal venous system aneurysms.MATERIALS AND METHODS. From 1998 to 2006, a total of 38 portal venous system aneurysms identified in 25 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The data of seven patients diagnosed using color Doppler sonography or CT before March 2004 were not consecutive, but the data recorded thereafter comprised the analysis of 4,186 consecutive patients who underwent routine abdominal MDCT. The patients were 14 men and 11 women (mean age ∓ SD, 53 ∓ 17 years).RESULTS. The prevalence of portal venous system aneurysm among 4,186 consecutive patients was 0.43%. There were no differences with respect to patient age, patient sex, and intrahepatic or extrahepatic location of aneurysm between those with and those without portal venous system aneurysm. Seven of the 25 patients with portal venous system aneurysm were symptomatic because of portal vein thrombosis, and six of them...

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/AJR.07.2121

Zafer Koc

Papers

Renal artery origins and variations: angiographic evaluation of 855 consecutive patients

Interruption or congenital stenosis of the inferior vena cava: Prevalence, imaging, and clinical findings

Accuracy of sonography for detecting renal stone: comparison with CT.

Portal venous system aneurysms: imaging, clinical findings, and a possible new etiologic factor.

Compression of the left common iliac vein in asymptomatic subjects and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis.