This paper presents several techniques used in digital steganography in term of spatial and transform domain. Additionally, it analyses the performance and the metric evaluation of the techniques used in digital steganography based on spatial and transform domain. This paper aims to identify the main mediums of digital steganography, which are image-based, video-based and audio-based, in order to recognize the various techniques used with them. As a result, the primary technique used in the digital medium was LSB technique in the spatial domain, while in the transform domain, the main technique used was differentiated between DTC and DWT. Meanwhile, the common domain utilized in digital steganography was the spatial domain due to its simplicity and high embedding capacity. The future efforts for this paper will be considering the feature based in text steganography.

https://www.beei.org/index.php/EEI/article/download/2068/1976

Analysis review on spatial and transform domain technique in digital steganography

We present a novel robust and secure steganography technique to hide images into audio files aiming at increasing the carrier medium capacity. The audio files are in the standard WAV format, which is based on the LSB algorithm, while images are compressed by the GMPR technique which is based on the Discrete Cosine Transform and high-frequency minimization encoding algorithm. The method involves compression–encryption of an image file by the GMPR technique followed by hiding it into audio data by appropriate bit substitution. The maximum number of bits without significant effect on audio signal for LSB audio steganography is 6 LSBs. The encrypted image bits are hidden into variable and multiple LSB layers in the proposed method. Experimental results from observed listening tests show that there is no significant difference between the stego-audio reconstructed from the novel technique and the original signal. A performance evaluation has been carried out according to quality measurement criteria of signal-to-noise ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio.

/pdf/a-novel-steganography-approach-for-audio-files-5wfhfr2x5o.pdf

A Novel Steganography Approach for Audio Files

The development of information technology has brought an avoidable consequence for data security. It is because data, specifically those are private or confidential, are vulnerable to illegal access. Therefore, a protection method, such as data hiding, is essential. This protection is done by inserting a secret message (payload) into a medium (cover). One of the media commonly used in this method is audio, where a payload is embedded in audio samples. Nevertheless, this common technique has several disadvantages, including the relatively small insertion space and the significant dissimilarity between stego-audio and its original audio cover. Moreover, there is a risk of payload that cannot be returned to the original file. To overcome these problems, we propose to employ the fuzzification stage in the fuzzy logic algorithm that the samples are grouped into five categories. The binary payload is evenly distributed to the available sample space, which previously was calculated by considering the total payload and the number of interpolated samples. In the case that space is not enough to carry the payload, it is dynamically increased. The results show an increase of about 48% in stego audio quality measured by the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Moreover, the method is reversible, and the size of the sample space can be controlled to specific values.

/pdf/utilizing-fuzzy-logic-in-developing-reversible-data-hiding-1brgth67d6.pdf

Utilizing Fuzzy Logic in Developing Reversible Data Hiding Method

In this paper, we propose a LSB steganography algorithm to hide pseudorandomly sensitive information in digital images. This algorithm affects the statistic features of the sensitive information before it is embedded in the cover image. Also, it satisfies the imperceptibility condition of the hidden information, required in steganography systems, by using a pseudorandom LSB technique endorsed on three chaotic noise generators based on the skew tent chaotic map. Additionally, the embedding capacity of the proposed algorithm can be up to 37% of the cover image size, satisfying the imperceptibility condition, when one bit of sensitive information is embedded per each embedding pixel. We evaluated the proposed algorithm using two criteria: cover image affectation and robustness against steganalysis attacks. To evaluate the cover image affectation, we considered metrics of texture, quality and perceptual quality. To evaluate the robustness against attacks, we use the StegExpose tool, which analyzes the images obtained from the proposed algorithm, and it includes the main methods of steganalysis such as Sample Pairs, RS Analysis, Chi-Square Attack and Primary Sets Analysis. Finally, we show that the proposed algorithm has similar performance, and even better, to three commonly used steganography tools.

LSB Pseudorandom Algorithm for Image Steganography Using Skew Tent Map

Many steganography schemes seek to improve the transmission of important and sensitive information through insecure channels. Audio steganography exploits audio files to transfer that information over public communication channels. This paper proposes a new audio steganography scheme to secure transmission of speech messages using contourlet transform and duffing oscillator. Improvement in the security, hiding capacity, and maintenance of the transparency of the audio signals are contributed by this scheme. Contourlet transform produces a wider spread data coefficient than its input samples. Secret speech samples are hidden into some of these coefficients. The duffing oscillator is used to scramble the cover samples before embedding secret speech and then it is exploited to give the embedding process more immunization against piracy. So, the enhancement in the security level is paralleled with the employing of a duffing oscillator in the proposed scheme. The performance results of the proposed scheme indicate that high hiding capacity up to 80% from the size of covered audio can be achieved and it is corresponding to good quality, secure and transparency for both transmitted audio and retrieved secret speech.

A High Secure Speech Transmission Using Audio Steganography and Duffing Oscillator

In today's world, transmission of secret and important data has various security issues. Information security has become a major issue in the field of data communication. One of the many techniques used to resolve these security issues is Audio Steganography. Audio Steganography means hiding some data in an audio file so that the intruder cannot know about the data. In this paper, we present an improved and new approach for hiding secret messages in audio clips. We use a security key and a Genetic Algorithm to embed the message bits into cover audio samples. One or two message bits are embedded in different Least Significant Bit (LSB) layers of each sample. We have successfully tested proposed technique on several audio sequences. The experimental results show clear demonstration that the proposed technique has higher message embedding capacity and provides less distortion to the output sequences.

Zakaria Ahammed

Papers

An Improved Approach in Audio Steganography Using Genetic Algorithm with K-Bit Symmetric Security Key