Global fits for precision determinations of parton distributions, together with the highly correlated strong coupling α s , are presented up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) of QCD utilizing most world data (charm and jet production data are used where theoretically possible), except Tevatron gauge boson production data and LHC data which are left for genuine predictions . This is done within the “dynamical” (valence-like input at Q 0 2 = 0.8 GeV 2 ) and “standard” (input at Q 0 2 = 2 GeV 2 ) approach. The stability and reliability of the results are ensured by including nonperturbative higher-twist terms, nuclear corrections as well as target mass corrections, and by applying various ( Q 2 , W 2 ) cuts on available data. In addition, the Q 0 2 dependence of the results is studied in detail. Predictions are given, in particular for the LHC, for gauge- and Higgs-boson as well as for top-quark pair production. At NNLO the dynamical approach results in α s ( M Z 2 ) = 0.1136 ± 0.0004 , whereas the somewhat less constrained standard fit gives α s ( M Z 2 ) = 0.1162 ± 0.0006 .

Delineating parton distributions and the strong coupling

Invited Lectures.- Polarized Process Algebra and Program Equivalence.- Problems on RNA Secondary Structure Prediction and Design.- Some Issues Regarding Search, Censorship, and Anonymity in Peer to Peer Networks.- The SPQR-Tree Data Structure in Graph Drawing.- Model Checking and Testing Combined.- Logic and Automata: A Match Made in Heaven.- Algorithms.- Pushdown Automata and Multicounter Machines, a Comparison of Computation Modes.- Generalized Framework for Selectors with Applications in Optimal Group Testing.- Decoding of Interleaved Reed Solomon Codes over Noisy Data.- Process Algebra.- On the Axiomatizability of Ready Traces, Ready Simulation, and Failure Traces.- Resource Access and Mobility Control with Dynamic Privileges Acquisition.- Replication vs. Recursive Definitions in Channel Based Calculi.- Approximation Algorithms.- Improved Combinatorial Approximation Algorithms for the k-Level Facility Location Problem.- An Improved Approximation Algorithm for the Asymmetric TSP with Strengthened Triangle Inequality.- An Improved Approximation Algorithm for Vertex Cover with Hard Capacities.- Approximation Schemes for Degree-Restricted MST and Red-Blue Separation Problem.- Approximating Steiner k-Cuts.- MAX k-CUT and Approximating the Chromatic Number of Random Graphs.- Approximation Algorithm for Directed Telephone Multicast Problem.- Languages and Programming.- Mixin Modules and Computational Effects.- Decision Problems for Language Equations with Boolean Operations.- Generalized Rewrite Theories.- Complexity.- Sophistication Revisited.- Scaled Dimension and Nonuniform Complexity.- Quantum Search on Bounded-Error Inputs.- A Direct Sum Theorem in Communication Complexity via Message Compression.- Data Structures.- Optimal Cache-Oblivious Implicit Dictionaries.- The Cell Probe Complexity of Succinct Data Structures.- Succinct Representations of Permutations.- Succinct Dynamic Dictionaries and Trees.- Graph Algorithms.- Labeling Schemes for Weighted Dynamic Trees.- A Simple Linear Time Algorithm for Computing a (2k - 1)-Spanner of O(n 1+1/k ) Size in Weighted Graphs.- Multicommodity Flows over Time: Efficient Algorithms and Complexity.- Multicommodity Demand Flow in a Tree.- Automata.- Skew and Infinitary Formal Power Series.- Nondeterminism versus Determinism for Two-Way Finite Automata: Generalizations of Sipser's Separation.- Residual Languages and Probabilistic Automata.- A Testing Scenario for Probabilistic Automata.- The Equivalence Problem for t-Turn DPDA Is Co-NP.- Flip-Pushdown Automata: k + 1 Pushdown Reversals Are Better than k.- Optimization and Games.- Convergence Time to Nash Equilibria.- Nashification and the Coordination Ratio for a Selfish Routing Game.- Stable Marriages with Multiple Partners: Efficient Search for an Optimal Solution.- An Intersection Inequality for Discrete Distributions and Related Generation Problems.- Graphs and Bisimulation.- Higher Order Pushdown Automata, the Caucal Hierarchy of Graphs and Parity Games.- Undecidability of Weak Bisimulation Equivalence for 1-Counter Processes.- Bisimulation Proof Methods for Mobile Ambients.- On Equivalent Representations of Infinite Structures.- Online Problems.- Adaptive Raising Strategies Optimizing Relative Efficiency.- A Competitive Algorithm for the General 2-Server Problem.- On the Competitive Ratio for Online Facility Location.- A Study of Integrated Document and Connection Caching.- Verification.- A Solvable Class of Quadratic Diophantine Equations with Applications to Verification of Infinite-State Systems.- Monadic Second-Order Logics with Cardinalities.- ? 2 ? ? 2 ? AFMC.- Upper Bounds for a Theory of Queues.- Around the Internet.- Degree Distribution of the FKP Network Model.- Similarity Matrices for Pairs of Graphs.- Algorithmic Aspects of Bandwidth Trading.- Temporal Logic and Model Checking.- CTL+ Is Complete for Double Exponential Time.- Hierarchical and Recursive State Machines with Context-Dependent Properties.- Oracle Circuits for Branching-Time Model Checking.- Graph Problems.- There Are Spanning Spiders in Dense Graphs (and We Know How to Find Them).- The Computational Complexity of the Role Assignment Problem.- Fixed-Parameter Algorithms for the (k, r)-Center in Planar Graphs and Map Graphs.- Genus Characterizes the Complexity of Graph Problems: Some Tight Results.- Logic and Lambda-Calculus.- The Definition of a Temporal Clock Operator.- Minimal Classical Logic and Control Operators.- Counterexample-Guided Control.- Axiomatic Criteria for Quotients and Subobjects for Higher-Order Data Types.- Data Structures and Algorithms.- Efficient Pebbling for List Traversal Synopses.- Function Matching: Algorithms, Applications, and a Lower Bound.- Simple Linear Work Suffix Array Construction.- Types and Categories.- Expansion Postponement via Cut Elimination in Sequent Calculi for Pure Type Systems.- Secrecy in Untrusted Networks.- Locally Commutative Categories.- Probabilistic Systems.- Semi-pullbacks and Bisimulations in Categories of Stochastic Relations.- Quantitative Analysis of Probabilistic Lossy Channel Systems.- Discounting the Future in Systems Theory.- Information Flow in Concurrent Games.- Sampling and Randomness.- Impact of Local Topological Information on Random Walks on Finite Graphs.- Analysis of a Simple Evolutionary Algorithm for Minimization in Euclidean Spaces.- Optimal Coding and Sampling of Triangulations.- Generating Labeled Planar Graphs Uniformly at Random.- Scheduling.- Online Load Balancing Made Simple: Greedy Strikes Back.- Real-Time Scheduling with a Budget.- Improved Approximation Algorithms for Minimum-Space Advertisement Scheduling.- Anycasting in Adversarial Systems: Routing and Admission Control.- Geometric Problems.- Dynamic Algorithms for Approximating Interdistances.- Solving the Robots Gathering Problem.

Automata, languages and programming : 30th International Colloquium, ICALP 2003, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, June 30-July 4, 2003 : proceedings

Reversible logic is widely being considered as the potential logic design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing with minimal impact on physical entropy. Recent advances in reversible logic allow for improved quantum computer algorithms and schemes for corresponding computer architectures. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the design of reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units, however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of reversible ALUs. In this paper, we propose the design of two programmable reversible logic gate structures targeted at ALU implementation and their use in the realization of an efficient reversible ALU is demonstrated. The proposed ALU design is verified and its advantages over the only existing ALU design are quantitatively analyzed.

Design of a Reversible ALU Based on Novel Programmable Reversible Logic Gate Structures

Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other’s thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.

/pdf/skin-segmentation-using-yuv-and-rgb-color-spaces-1lixyjmrj4.pdf

Skin segmentation using YUV and RGB color spaces

Text summarization is the process of extracting sal ient information from the source text and to presen t that information to the user in the form of summary. It is very difficult for human beings to manually summarize large documents of text . Automatic abstractive summarization provides the r equired solution but it is a challenging task because it requires de eper analysis of text. In this paper, a survey on a bstractive text summarization methods has been presented. Abstractive summarization methods are classified into t wo categories i.e. structured based approach and seman tic based approach. The main idea behind these methods has been discussed. Besides the main idea, the strengths and weaknesses of each method have al so been highlighted. Some open research issues in abst ractive summarization have been identified and will address for future research. Finally, it is conclud ed from the literature studies that most of the a bstractive summarization methods produces highly coherent, cohesive, information rich and less redundant summary.

/pdf/a-review-on-abstractive-summarization-methods-1fl99t6z7z.pdf

A review on abstractive summarization methods

Reversible logic is emerging as an important research area having its application in diverse fields such as low power CMOS design, digital signal processing, cryptography, quantum computing and optical information processing. This paper presents a new 4*4 universal reversible logic gate, IG. It is a parity preserving reversible logic gate, that is, the parity of the inputs matches the parity of the outputs. The proposed parity preserving reversible gate can be used to synthesize any arbitrary Boolean function. It allows any fault that affects no more than a single signal readily detectable at the circuit's primary outputs. Finally, it is shown how a fault tolerant reversible full adder circuit can be realized using only two IGs. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed design offers less hardware complexity and is efficient in terms of gate count, garbage outputs and constant inputs than the existing counterparts.

Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Reversible Logic Circuits

Irreversible logic circuits dissipate heat for every bit of information that is lost. Information is lost when the input vector cannot be recovered from its corresponding output vector. Reversible logic circuit naturally takes care of heating because it implements only the functions that have one-to-one mapping between its input and output vectors. Therefore reversible logic design becomes one of the promising research directions in low power dissipating circuit design in the past few years and has found its application in low power CMOS design, digital signal processing and nanotechnology. This paper presents the efficient approaches for designing reversible fast adders that implement carry look-ahead and carry-skip logic. The proposed 16-bit high speed reversible adder will include IG gates for the realization of its basic building block. The IG gate is universal in the sense that it can be used to synthesize any arbitrary Boolean-functions. The IG gate is parity preserving, that is, the parity of the inputs matches the parity of the outputs. It allows any fault that affects no more than a single signal readily detectable at the circuit's primary outputs. Therefore, the proposed high speed adders will have the inherent opportunity of detecting errors in its output side. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed design offers less hardware complexity and is efficient in terms of gate count, garbage outputs and constant inputs than the existing counterparts.

Fault tolerant reversible logic synthesis: Carry look-ahead and carry-skip adders

Reversible logic is emerging as an important research area having its application in diverse fields such as low power CMOS design, digital signal processing, cryptography, quantum computing and optical information processing. This paper presents a new 4*4 parity preserving reversible logic gate, IG. The proposed parity preserving reversible gate can be used to synthesize any arbitrary Boolean function. It allows any fault that affects no more than a single signal readily detectable at the circuit's primary outputs. It is shown that a fault tolerant reversible full adder circuit can be realized using only two IGs. The proposed fault tolerant full adder (FTFA) is used to design other arithmetic logic circuits for which it is used as the fundamental building block. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed design offers less hardware complexity and is efficient in terms of gate count, garbage outputs and constant inputs than the existing counterparts.

Reversible Logic Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Carry Skip BCD Adder

For the blessing of World Wide Web, the corpus of online information is gigantic in its volume. Search engines have been developed such as Google, AltaVista, Yahoo, etc., to retrieve specific information from this huge amount of data. But the outcome of search engine is unable to provide expected result as the quantity of information is increasing enormously day by day and the findings are abundant. So, the automatic text summarization is demanded for salient information retrieval. Automatic text summarization is a system of summarizing text by computer where a text is given to the computer as input and the output is a shorter and less redundant form of the original text. An informative pr

http://www.issr-journals.org/links/papers.php?journal=ijias&application=pdf&article=IJIAS-13-070-05

Literature Review of Automatic Multiple Documents Text Summarization

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 Reversible logic is emerging as an important research area having its application in diverse fields such as low power CMOS design, digital signal processing, cryptography, quantum computing and optical information processing. This paper presents a new 4*4 parity preserving reversible logic gate, IG. The proposed parity preserving reversible gate can be used to synthesize any arbitrary Boolean function. It allows any fault that affects no more than a single signal readily detectable at the circuit's primary outputs. It is shown that a fault tolerant reversible full adder circuit can be realized using only two IGs. The proposed fault tolerant full adder (FTFA) is used to design other arithmetic logic circuits for which it is used as the fundamental building block. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed design offers less hardware complexity and is efficient in terms of gate count, garbage outputs and constant inputs than the existing counterparts. Keywords: Reversible Logic, Parity Preserving Reversible Gate, IG Gate, FTFA and Carry Skip Logic. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i2.2431 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences Vol.32(2) 2008 234-250

Zerina Begum

Papers

Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Reversible Logic Circuits

Fault tolerant reversible logic synthesis: Carry look-ahead and carry-skip adders

Reversible Logic Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Carry Skip BCD Adder

Literature Review of Automatic Multiple Documents Text Summarization

Reversible Logic Synthesis of Fault Tolerant Carry Skip BCD Adder