Zhansheng Shi

TL;DR: In this article, an energy minimization multi-scale (EMMS) model for gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed was proposed based on the energy-minimization multiscale method (Li and Kwauk, 1994).

TL;DR: In this paper, the meso-scale structure of a CFB is characterized with stability criteria in addition to conservation equations, and it is found that the mesh-independent solution of a fine-grid two-fluid model without sub-grid structures is inexact, in the sense that it overestimates the drag coefficient and fails to capture the characteristic S-shaped axial profile of voidage.

TL;DR: In this article, a structure-dependent multi-fluid model (SFM) was proposed to keep the physical nature of these mesoscale structures in mathematical formulation, and the SFM was reduced to the conventional two-fluide model (TFM) as well as the hydrodynamic equations of the bubble-based and cluster-based EMMS (energy minimization multiscale) models by assuming different simplifications of structures.

TL;DR: In this article, the bubble-based EMMS model was extended to simulations of heterogeneous gas-solid flows in CFB risers and the results showed good agreement with experimental data.